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Brazilian law prohibits any formally unauthorized human x fauna interaction, except the slaughter of wild animals to satisfy the hunger of the poor. A set of traditional activities (hunting, capture, alimentary consumption, sale and possession of wild animals), underlying specific modes of sociability and lifestyles that diverge from the established rules, is, thereby, criminalized. Recognizing the impreciseness of the juridical categories "legal" and "illegal", the paper criticizes their absorption by the scientific discourse, and proposes to replace them by categories based on the rationality of the agent interacting with the fauna: close or far, in successive degrees, from the market logic. By revealing the diversity of situations so far indistinctly seen as crimes against nature, such categories give prominence to marginalized groups, promoting their recognition as legitimate actors in the interlocution with scientific research and with participatory environmental management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]