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Currently, more than 6,600 heart groups (AHGs) have been established in Germany, in which more than 110,000 patients are physically active. Following cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after an acute event, in the AHG patients aim to meet the set rehabilitation goals in groups of about 15-20 patients, instructed by a competent exercise therapist and attended by a physician. While physical activity has been the dominant aspect thus far, psychosocial and educative elements are now more strongly integrated to stabilize secondary prevention. According to the German rehabilitation law, the patient is legally entitled to participate in AHGs. The insurance companies pay 6.00 Euros for 90 therapeutic units at 60-90 min each. Thereafter, the patient should be encouraged to continue participation at his/her own cost. The opportunity to participate in AHG is not yet sufficiently responded to by the patients. According to different studies, only 13-40% of all patients attend an AHG after phase II CR. In future, special emphasis has to be placed on the recruitment of more patients into AHGs, especially those groups which are known to be underrepresented (e. g., women, old patients, patients with low socioeconomic status). Furthermore, AHGs have to be established for patients with special needs, e. g., heart failure patients or young grown-ups with congenital heart diseases. Until now, the efficiency of AHG participation has not been sufficiently investigated. In a case-control study analyzing the long-term results of AHG participation, an improvement in physical performance as well as a reduction of cardiovascular morbidity (54%) and medical costs (approximately 47%) were observed. In future, more high-class investigations on this field are needed.

Background and Objective: In Germany, phase II cardiac rehabilitation has always been carried out on an inpatient basis. Meanwhile, the governmental health authorities are demanding more flexible solutions for cardiac rehabilitation. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of phase II cardiac rehabilitation performed on an outpatient basis (OCR) in a larger patient cohort. These are the first results of patients before and directly after the OCR performed at six different rehabilitation centers., Patients and Methods: The study group consisted of 479 men and 74 women, 56.1 +/- 11.5 years. Cardiovascular indications for the OCR were myocardial infarction in 219 cases, coronary artery disease (CAD) in 92, in 84 cases with invasive procedures, coronary artery bypass graft in 185, cardiac valve surgery in 26, and other cardiac diseases in 29. 70% of the patients were worker, 25% without professional training. Staying with the family (42%) and aversion to stationary programs (61%)were the main reasons for the choice of OCR. Without OCR,27.4% would have refused any rehabilitation program., Results: Maximal physical performance increased from 97.8 + - 31.4 to 120.4 +/- 37.3 W (p < 0.001). LDL cholesterol was reduced from 145.9 +/- 42.7 to 117.5 +/- 34.7 mg% (p < 0.001), triglycerides from 203.3 +/- 136.0 to 161.9 +/- 91.6 mg% (p < ).010), HDL cholesterol increased from 39.8 + 11.2 to 41.0 +/- 11.3 mg% (p = 0.003). The use of lipid-lowering therapy in CAD patients increased from 63.1% to 80.7%. A reduction in body mass index from 27.1 +/- 3.6 to 26.9 +/- 3.5 kg/m2 (p = 0.010) was demonstrated. The number of active smokers decreased from 53.8% to 25.6%., Conclusion: The results obtained are interesting with respect to the patients' social status. With 70% general laborers, our cohort is in contrast to previously published OCR data. On the whole, these results demonstrate that rehabilitative measures can also be implemented on an outpatient basis, without a decrease in the quality of treatment. This also applies to patients who represent lower socioeconomic levels. The results should motivate to work harder and more sufficiently on the development of more flexible cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Background: Effective prevention of cardiovascular diseases is of utmost importance in Western civilizations as they are on top of mortality statistics., Primary Prevention: Physical exercise plays an important role in optimizing the individuals cardiovascular risk profile. However in the absence of scientifically based studies the potential benefit of physical exercise is often being discussed. Recently by several population-based studies it has been proven that physical exercise is inversely related to long-term cardiovascular mortality in both man and women of all age groups, even after adjustment for other risk factors., Secondary Prevention: Even for secondary prevention in clinical studies and meta-analyses a reduction of all causes and cardiovascular mortality of 20-45% was found after physical exercise., Type of Sports: At present it is being discussed controversially which type of sports would be most beneficial. Recent studies have shown that cardiovascular risk reduction is not only the consequence of vigorous exercise, especially endurance training, but can also be achieved by moderate training programs like walking or increased daily activities., Conclusion: Current epidemiological data reveal the necessity to perform more physical activity/exercise training, which would best be integrated in a health-oriented lifestyle. An early beginning, even in childhood, is important.