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Today, the number of published scientific articles is increasing day by day, and this has made the process of searching for articles more difficult. The need to provide specific recommender systems (RSs) for suggesting scientific articles is strongly felt in this situation. Because searching for articles based only on matching the titles or content of other articles is not an efficient process. In this research, the combination of two content analysis and citation network is used to design an RS for scientific articles (RECSA). In RECSA, natural language processing and deep learning techniques are used to process the titles and extract the content attributes of the articles. For this purpose, first, the titles of the articles are pre-processed, and by using the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) criterion, the importance of each word in the title is estimated. Then the dimensions of the obtained attributes are reduced by using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Then, by using the cosine similarity criterion, the content similarity matrix of the articles is calculated based on the attribute vectors. Also, the link prediction approach is used to analyze the connections of scientific articles' citation network. Finally, in the third step of RECSA, the two similarity matrices calculated in the previous steps are combined using an influence coefficient parameter to obtain the final similarity matrix, and the recommendation operation is based on the highest similarity value. The efficiency of RECSA has been evaluated from different aspects and the results have been compared with previous works. According to the results, utilizing the combination of TF-IDF and CNN for analyzing content-based features, leads to at least 0.32 % improvement in terms of precision compared to previous works. Also, by integrating citation and content-based data, the precision of first suggestion in RECSA would be 99.01 % which indicates the minimum improvement of 0.9 % compared to compared methods. The results show that by using RECSA, the recommendation can be done with higher accuracy and efficiency.

Degradation of insulation paper is a key contributor to the failure of power transformers. Insulation degradation accelerates at elevated temperatures, which highlights the potential for better thermal management to prolong life. While several studies have analyzed the benefits of high thermal conductivity oil for reducing temperatures inside a transformer, this study is an initial assessment of the benefits of high thermal conductivity paper on transformer life. Blending particulates with cellulosic fibers offers a pathway for high thermal conductivity paper (with good dielectric properties), which can reduce internal temperatures. Presently, life extensions that can be achieved by the use of such thermally conducting papers were estimated, with the thermal conductivity of the paper being the key parameter under study. The analytical-numerical thermal model used in this study was validated against experimental measurements in a distribution transformer, adding confidence to the utility of the model. This model was then used to provide estimates of hot-spot temperature reduction resulting from the use of papers with higher thermal conductivity than baseline. Transformer life was predicted conventionally by tracking the degree of polymerization of paper over time, based on an Arrhenius model. Results indicate that increasing the thermal conductivity of paper from 0.2 W/mK (baseline) to 1 W/mK reduces the hot spot temperature by 10 °C. While degradation significantly depends on the moisture and oxygen content, the model shows that such a temperature reduction can increase life for all conditions, by as much as a factor of three.

This research provides an in-depth assessment of two paper yarn variants, examining their structural, functional, and performance characteristics. These yarns demonstrated favorable properties, including suitable linear density, twist, typical cellulosic functional groups as confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy, minimal hairiness, moisture transfer, and creditable mechanical strength. These yarns have flat layered cross-sections and grooved longitudinal surfaces. In addition, a low hairiness index (1.3–1.33) further acknowledged their smooth surface. Their remarkable evenness (15.86% and 7.08%) supported their effective wicking properties. Despite average breaking strength (0.77 cN/dTex and 1.05 cN/dTex) and moderate elongation, these yarns exhibited exceptional water-washing resistance and retained over 89% breaking strength after 15 washes. This study ranks these paper yarns as highly suitable for durable clothing fabrics, providing promising sustainable alternatives in the textile industry.

There is a growing need for easy-to-use, low cost and portable quantitative assays to determine active pharmaceutical ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we developed a batch spectrophotometric method and a method employing a paper-based microfluidic device for the estimation of Amoxicillin (AMX) in pure solution and pharmaceutical preparations. The detection depends on the coupling reaction of Amoxicillin with diazotized sulfadimidine (DSDM) in an alkaline medium. The yellow azo dye reaction product was measured at λmax 425 nm and linearity was observed from 2 to 30 mg L−1 with a detection limit of 0.32 mg L−1 and a quantification limit of 1.2 mg L−1 was found. The reaction was then transferred onto the paper-based microfluidic device and a plateau change in color intensity was found above 10 mg L−1. Thus, the paper-based microfluidic device can be applied for the semi-quantitative determination of Amoxicillin in pure solution and commercial pharmaceutical products for rapid screening.

The objective of this work is to produce an ecologically friendly material for use in Ivory Coast's construction sector in the future. These materials should have good thermal qualities and be flame resistant in addition to helping to achieve interior comfort. The fundamental components under consideration are freely accessible in Ivory Coast and include clay mortar as a fire retardant, potato starch as a binder, and recycled paper granules as a filler. The suggested ecologically friendly material's manufacturing process is fully described in detail. After conditioning, the team created multiple samples, taking into account that each test that the materials are put through requires various probe sizes for the thermal conductivity test, the reaction to fire test, and the flexural strength test. The best result regarding thermal conductivity of composites was obtained when 10 % clay is added in the mixture, namely between 0.057 … 0.068 W/(mK). During the ignitability tests the flame did not propagate to a height greater than 15 cm throughout the 60 s test time, so it can be concluded that the materials match minimally in the class E of reaction to fire. The flexural strength of tested materials was under 0.8 MPa.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of administrating an electronic and paper-based food insecurity screener among patients presenting to a stroke clinic during the study period. We aimed to ensure a consecutive sample for our retrospective analysis and evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of food insecurity in this population. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with an initial telemedicine or in-person appointment to a stroke outpatient clinic between February 1 and July 31, 2021. Prior to their initial visit, patients were sent an electronic questionnaire to screen for food insecurity using the 2-item Hunger Vital Sign™ and to collect socio-demographic characteristics. Patients who were evaluated in-person were given a paper questionnaire if the electronic version was not completed upon clinic appointment. We collected data on patient demographics, screener completion rates, and the prevalence of food insecurity. The feasibility was evaluated by comparing the amount of missing data between electronic and paper-based screeners. Results: Among 406 adult stroke survivors, 365 (89.9 %) completed the food insecurity screener, with 234 (64.1 %) completing it electronically and 131 (35.9 %) by paper. Overall, 14.3 % of the stroke patients experienced food insecurity. A higher prevalence of food insecurity was observed among patients who completed paper-based compared to electronic questionnaires (21.4 % vs 10.2 %, p = 0.004). Hispanic patients were more likely to complete paper-based questionnaires (32.1 %) compared to electronic questionnaires (18.0 %, p = 0.011). Patients with a 12th grade education or less were more likely to complete paper-based (49.5 %) vs. electronic questionnaires (36.4 %, p = 0.029). Feasibility was evaluated by comparing the amount of missing data between the screener delivery modalities. A higher percentage of socio-demographic characteristics was missing in the paper-based questionnaires compared to electronic questionnaires (105.3 % vs. 14.11 %). Conclusions: Sample characteristics differ based on the mode of questionnaire delivery, suggesting that different screening modalities may be necessary to identify patients at the highest risk for food insecurity. Our study provides detailed insights into the feasibility of using electronic and paper-based screeners in a clinical setting, highlighting the importance of considering delivery methods in food insecurity assessments. It is important to note that the Spanish language electronic survey was only available during the last two months of the study, which may affect the findings regarding Hispanic patients' preference for paper surveys.

Diesel engines are used extensively in heavy-duty transportation due to their high thermal efficiency and energy density, but they also contribute to environmental pollution. Water-in-diesel emulsions have emerged as an alternative method for decreasing NOx and emissions, but there are still obstacles to assuring engine performance and stability. Surfactants are used to stabilise the emulsion by decreasing the interfacial tension between the fuel and water. Studies on water-in-diesel emulsions published literature suggest that chemical surfactants have been used in the production of emulsified fuels. In addition, research have shown that biosurfactants are less harmful to the environment than chemical surfactants. However, only limited study has been conducted on the use of biosurfactants in emulsified fuel. Consequently, it is important to investigate the possible use of biosurfactants in applications using emulsified fuels. This research studies the categorization of surfactants and biosurfactants and emulsion methods for the development of emulsified fuel. This research also aids in the selection of the most suitable surfactant and biosurfactant for applications, particularly in the context of water-in-diesel emulsions and diesel-in-water emulsions, with the goal of developing an environmentally friendly, stable emulsified fuel that can reduce the emission effect and protect the environment.

Moringa oleifera is an herb that has the potential to reduce the mortality rate of an embryo. Research about Moringa oleifera treatment toward an embryo of livestock was quite a number. However, there were still very few previous studies that explain the trend of research related to that topic in this decade, 2010–2023. This study tried to observe the research trend related to Moringa oleifera treatment to embryos of livestock in terms of frequently used words inside papers along with their citations. This study gathered 132 data samples from Scopus and 41 data from PubMed and processed them using the bibliometric method. The bibliometric software used was Vosviewer to produce the image of the author's keyword connection and trend and biblioshiny for depicting frequently words used as a title and inside content and mean of total citation/year. This study also used R Studio to complement Vosviewer in conducting the bibliometric method. The result showed that there was no author's keyword that depicted ruminant-type animals instead of cow, and no name of the animal as livestock that was being used as a title of the sample papers. There were also no papers that observed Moringa oleifera to treat sick embryos of livestock and the previous studies used as samples also had a low mean of total citation/year.

Wireless devices have become extremely inexpensive and popular in recent years. The two most significant advantages of wireless devices over wired ones are convenience and flexibility. Considering this, a wireless mouse pad prototype for access has been developed in this study. A capacitive sensors-based mouse pad with basic operations and conventional features has been developed using sensing arrays on paper. A facile, do-it-yourself fabrication process was utilized to develop a cost-effective, thin, wearable, and cleanroom-free wireless mouse cursor control (MCC) pad. The ablation process was used to cut the traces of conductive tape and paste them onto the paper to develop the MCC pad. The pad was connected with Espressif Systems (ESP)32 to wirelessly control the cursor of mobile and laptop. The capacitive touch sensor array-based pad is easy to reproduce and recycle. This pad can contribute to future advancements in thin human-machine interfaces, soft robotics, and medical and healthcare applications.

This study aimed to produce bacterial cellulose from paper waste sludge (PWS) as a method of utilizing the cellulose source from the remaining pulp in the material. Initially, PWS was hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid to create an enriched-reducing sugar hydrolysate. One-factor experiments were conducted with a fixed amount of PWS (5 g) to investigate the influence of hydrolysis conditions, including water, sulfuric acid addition, temperature, and retention time, on the production yield of reducing sugars. Based on these results, the Box-Behnken model was designed to optimize the hydrolysis reaction. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were 10 ml/g of the sulfuric acid solution (30.9%) at 105.5 °C for 90 min of retention time 0.81 (gGE/g PWS), corresponding to a conversion yield of 40.5%). Subsequently, 100 ml of the filtered and neutralized PWS hydrolysate was used as the culture to produce the bacterial cellulose (BC) using Acetobacter xylinum, which produced 12 g/L of bacterial cellulose. The conversion yield of bacterial cellulose calculated as the ratio of the weight of produced bacterial cellulose to that of cellulose in PWS reached 33.3%. The structure of the obtained BC was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to indicate the formation of nano-cellulose fiber networks. This research proposed a combined method to convert paper waste sludge into bacterial cellulose, demonstrating the potential for waste utilization and sustainable production of paper industries for added-value products.

The fabrication of highly efficient yet stable noble-metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts that can simultaneously catalyse both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains challenging. Herein, we employ the heterostructure coupling strategy, showcasing an aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) aided synthetic approach for the in-situ growth of cobalt molybdenum sulphide nanocomposites on carbon paper (CoMoS@CP) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. The AACVD allows the rational incorporation of Co in the Mo–S binary structure, which modulates the morphology of CoMoS@CP, resulting in enhanced HER activity (ŋ10 = 171 mV in acidic and ŋ10 = 177 mV in alkaline conditions). Furthermore, the CoS2 species in the CoMoS@CP ternary structure extends the OER capability, yielding an ŋ100 of 455 mV in 1 M KOH. Lastly, we found that the synergistic effect of the Co–Mo–S interface elevates the bifunctional performance beyond binary counterparts, achieving a low cell voltage (1.70 V at 10 mA cm−2) in overall water splitting test and outstanding catalytic stability (∼90 % performance retention after 50-/30-h continuous operation at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively). This work has opened up a new methodology for the controllable synthesis of self-supported transition metal-based electrocatalysts for applications in overall water splitting.

Despite a growing body of evidence for the effectiveness of prehabilitation, the uptake of prehabilitation in Europe remains low. Contributing factors range from limited awareness and understanding of prehabilitation to a lack of supporting infrastructure and reimbursement challenges. In this position paper, the authors propose a new comprehensive definition of prehabilitation and identify differentiated thyroid cancer as a type of cancer particularly well-suited for prehabilitation. To support clinicians with the implementation of prehabilitation programs in their clinics, the authors discuss the following practical solutions: a) find the most appropriate prehabilitation program for each patient; b) raise awareness among peers; c) develop evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of prehabilitation; d) expand the interdisciplinary team; e) expand your network and make use of existing assets; f) utilize learnings from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The disposal of paper mill sludge waste generated by the paper industry is a tough and challenging task. In this work, an attempt is made to develop various value-added products namely bricks, briquettes, ground chakra base, and eco-friendly composites from the secondary paper mill sludge (PMS). The secondary PMS was initially dewatered to remove the moisture content, ground to powder, and mixed with cement, MSand. quarry dust, and fly ash to produce bricks. The brick specimens were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and efflorescence as per the standards and found to be 5.29 ± 0.11 N/mm2, 3.84 ± 0.13% respectively, and have NIL efflorescence. The PMS is mixed with paraffin wax and compressed in a squeeze moulding to form briquettes and observed that the percentage of ash content in the briquette is 66.6% which is less than that of the PMS. Further, a ground chakra base is produced using a slurry of starch and dried in a heater at 60° exhibiting better properties. An eco-friendly composite pottery product was developed by mixing PMS, clay, and starch and tested for breakage.

The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological and chemical properties of hemp bast RPF1 variety fiber to be used as a potential raw material for filter paper production.Experimental handsheet samples with basis weight of 20 g/m2 were manufactured using mixture of hemp and softwood pulp at various beating levels. The average fiber length and width of hemp bast fiber were determined as 5.76 mm and 32.53 μm, respectively. It was also found that the hemp bast fiber had rigid thick cell wall with small size of lumen. The overall chemical properties of hemp bast were similar to those fibers from other bast sources as well as softwood fibers. It seems that hemp bast was easily pulped under various soda process conditions yielding pulp ranging from 51.36 % to 52.56 % and Kappa numbers ranging from 2.89 to 8.18. Based on the findings in this study hemp bast fiber could be considered as a potential to manufacture filter paper with accepted characteristics.

In recent years, due to the increase in their global popularity, short video applications have become an important topic of research. The number of users has now exceeded one billion in China; accordingly, Chinese researchers have conducted many studies on short videos. Their findings can serve as important references for both theoretical research on and the practical development of short videos worldwide. In this study, we used bibliometrics method and the CiteSpace application to analyze the content of 2163 representative research papers on short videos published in China from 2012 to 2022. The number of such papers is increasing annually in China; moreover, several core groups of authors and research institutions focusing on short video research have already been formed. Some popular topics of research on these videos include the main characteristics of short videos, phenomenon of media convergence based on short videos, and application scenarios of short videos. Over the years, research on the popular short video application Douyin has been increasing, as well. The research results indicate that issues such as the marketing of short knowledge videos, standardized management of short video platforms, and impact of these videos on the education of college students are expected to become popular subjects of scholarly research in the near future.

This paper introduces Heliyon's Business and Management Section, established in 2023 as a platform committed to maintaining rigorous ethical and scientific publishing standards within the field. Prioritizing scientific correctness and technical soundness over mere novelty, it encompasses a wide range of research domains, encouraging contributions from scholars across diverse backgrounds. Within this guide, we provide insights into the process of preparing effective papers and offer constructive guidelines for the reviewing process. Authors will find valuable tools to align their work with the journal's expectations, incorporating current literature to enhance the probability of successful publication. Both aspiring authors and reviewers will benefit from this resource, which emphasizes academic and professional growth. By promoting collaboration and upholding high-quality standards, we aim to fortify the scholarly publishing community and advance knowledge in the field of business and management.

A novel Coumarin-based 1,2-pyrazole, HCPyTSC is synthesised and characterized. The chemosensor has been shown to have efficient colourimetric and fluorescence sensing capabilities for the quick and selective detection of fluoride and copper ions. At 376 and 430 nm, the HCPyTSC exhibits selective sensing for Cu2+ and F− ions. By examining the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the potential energy curve (PES) of the ground state for the function of the C–H bond, it has been determined from the theoretical study at hand that the deprotonation was taken from the ‘CH’ proton of the pyrazole ring. For F− and Cu2+, the HCPyTSC detection limits were 4.62 nM and 15.36 nM, respectively. Similarly, the binding constants (Kb) for F− and Cu2+ ions in acetonitrile medium were found to be 2.06 × 105 M−1 and 1.88 × 105 M−1. Chemosensor HCPyTSC with and without F− and Cu2+ ions have an emission and absorption response that can imitate a variety of logic gates, including the AND, XOR, and OR gates. Additionally, a paper-based sensor strip with the HCPyTSC was created for use in practical, flexible F− sensing applications. The paper-based sensor was more effective in detecting F− than other anions. The effectiveness of HCPyTSC for the selective detection of F− in living cells as well as its cell permeability were examined using live-cell imaging in T24 cells.

Lignocellulosic materials are widely used for food packaging due to their renewable and biodegradable nature. However, their porous and absorptive properties can lead to the uptake and retention of bacteria during food processing, transportation, and storage, which pose a potential risk for outbreaks of foodborne disease. Thus, it is of great importance to understand how bacteria proliferate and survive on lignocellulosic surfaces. The aim of this research was to compare the growth and survivability of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria innocua on bleached and unbleached paper packaging materials. Two different paper materials were fabricated to simulate linerboard from fully bleached and unbleached market pulps and inoculated with each bacterium at high bacterial loads (107 CFU). The bacteria propagated during the first 48 h of incubation and persisted at very high levels (>107 CFU/cm2) for 40 days for all paper and bacterium types. However, the unbleached paper allowed for a greater degree of bacterial growth to occur compared to bleached paper, suspected to be due to the more hydrophobic nature of the unbleached, lignin-containing fibers. Several other considerations may also alter the behavior of bacteria on lignocellulosic materials, such as storage conditions, nutrient availability, and chemical composition of the fibers.

In order to investigate the difference of volatile substances among flavored cigarette paper, which are supplied by several manufacturers with different batches, the stability of the complex system of scented cigarette paper was analyzed and evaluated. In this study, Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) was used to detect the aroma compounds of 23 flavored cigarette paper samples. Based on fingerprint analysis, the differences and changes of aroma compounds of different samples were studied in the form of data visualization. Principal component analysis, partial least squares regression analysis, cluster heatmap analysis and artificial neural network analysis were used to evaluate the stability of different cigarette paper. The results show that: A total of 29 volatile substances were identified from different scented cigarette paper. Fingerprint analysis revealed that the volatile substances of different cigarette paper samples were roughly the same, but not the content. The results of chemometrics analysis showed that there were significant differences in the characteristic aroma compounds of cigarette paper from different manufacturers. HS-GC-IMS technology combined with chemometrics method could be applied to determine the difference of volatile substances among different flavored cigarette paper, which theoretically and technically supported the quality stability maintenance and identification of flavored cigarette paper processed in different places.

Paper recycling is a viable option for wastepaper management. This study assessed the suitability of recycled papers as a food packaging material. Permanence and durability of three different recycled papers; R1:150 GSM, R2:120 GSM, and R3:100 GSM with aging were evaluated using standard methods. Eventhough opacity increased with aging grammage, burst strength, tensile strength, pH, brightness, and whiteness decreased. Recycled papers failed water absorptiveness test even before aging. Presence of heavy metals in recycled papers were compared with food packaging standards and migration of heavy metals from the packaging to different food types was assessed. Presence of Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb were below EC and EPA standards but only Pb and Cd exceeded the EU standard. Migration of Cu, Zn, Mn and Cr were within EPA, EU and EC standards except Pb and Cd with respect to EC standard. Highest migration is associated with foods contain more fatty acids; fast food, sausages and pizza.

Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the ECG trace paper evaluation current knowledge level in a group of Orthopaedic surgeons divided into juniors and seniors according to M.D. degree possession. Methods: A cross sectional study through self-administered questionnaires at a university hospital Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Department. The questionnaire included five sections: 1-Basic participants' characteristics, 2-Participants' perception of their ECG evaluation current knowledge level, 3-The main body of the questionnaire was an ECG quiz (seven); the participant was asked to determine if it was normal and the possible diagnosis, 4-Participants' desired ECG evaluation knowledge level, and 5-Willingness to attend ECG evaluation workshops. Results: Of the 121 actively working individuals in the department, 96 (97.3 %) finished the questionnaire, and 85 (77.3 %) were valid for final evaluation. The participants' mean age was 30.4 ± 6.92 years, 76.5 % juniors and 23.5 % seniors. 83.5 % of the participants perceived their current ECG evaluation knowledge as none or limited. For participants' ability to evaluate an ECG, higher scores were achieved when determining if the ECG was normal or abnormal, with a mean score percentage of 79.32 % ± 23.27. However, the scores were lower when trying to reach the diagnosis, with a mean score percentage of 43.02 % ± 27.48. There was a significant negative correlation between the participant's age and answering the normality question correctly (r = −0.277, p = 0.01); and a significant positive correlation between answering the diagnosis question correctly and the desired level of knowledge and the intention to attend a workshop about ECG evaluation, r = 0.355 (p = 0.001), and r = 0.223 (p = 0.04), respectively. Only 56.5 % of the participants desired to get more knowledge, and 81.2 % were interested in attending ECG evaluation workshops. Conclusion: Orthopaedic surgeons showed sufficient knowledge when determining the normality of ECG trace papers; however, they could not reach the proper diagnosis, and Junior surgeons performed slightly better than their senior peers. Most surgeons are willing to attend ECG evaluation and interpretation workshops to improve their knowledge level.

Background: Organisational change is an important part of development and growth. Transitioning from paper-based hospital records to electronic health records improves efficiency and patient safety by streamlining data access and reducing the risk of errors, ultimately leading to enhanced patient care and outcomes. In October 2020, a large NHS trust underwent the transition from paper notes to a fully electronic health records system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to monitor staff morale during this organisational change; to highlight any issues arising that may impact on the smooth transition; to encourage feedback. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to all members of the maxillofacial outpatients department on a regular basis. The qualitative responses were analysed using NVivo, following a framework analysis model. Results: The analysis generated 1319 codes, which were placed into 68 groups. The three main themes were ‘Transformational Advancements in Healthcare Delivery’; ‘Obstacles to Seamless EHR Integration; ‘Navigating the Transition and Evolving Perceptions’. Discussion: Regular monitoring of morale and staff opinion allows for smoother transition in a large-scale organisational change. The results of this project will help future hospitals and trusts undergoing similar transitions.