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Orexins are a family of neuropeptides secreted by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). These peptides act widespreadly across the body by interacting with specific orexin receptors on target cells, which comprise the orexinergic system. Emerging evidence has revealed that the orexinergic system is tightly associated with neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms require further exploration. Neuropsychiatric disorders have also been associated with neuroplasticity, while orexins have been shown to play regulatory roles in neuronal plasticity. As such, this review aims to summarize the recent progress of research investigating the roles of the orexinergic system in neuronal plasticity and associated neuropsychiatric disorders, including addiction, depression, and schizophrenia, which may provide novel insights into the mechanism of the orexinergic system in the pathogenesis of these neuropsychiatric disorders.

Perilla frutescens L. essential oil (PLEO) has antibacterial and antioxidant properties, which can effectively maintain the quality of fruits and extend their shelf life. In this study, sodium alginate and chitosan were used as wall materials, and PLEO microcapsule powder was used as the core materials to prepare PLEO hydrogel beads. The best results were obtained by using 2%w/v sodium alginate and 1.5%w/v chitosan as wall materials, with a core-to-wall ratio of 2:1 and homogenized for 15 min producing PLEO hydrogel beads with encapsulation efficiency of 82.61 %. For strawberries preservation, PLEO hydrogel beads preservation group had a better effect after 5 d of storage, showing a lower decay rate (15.71 %), better maintaining the hardness of 1.75 kg/cm2, and a weight loss of 3.29 %. Furthermore, organic acids and total phenols were retained more in this group, the number of microorganisms was significantly reduced, and sensory qualities were improved, especially taste and color. This study provides important insights into the application of natural preservatives in the food industry and promotes sustainable practices in food preservation.