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The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our way of life and has brought challenges on a scale never seen before. Lockdown and various other social distancing rules have been implemented in order to slow down new infections. This has led to a drastic change in people's lifestyle and has altered the pattern of electricity consumption. In this paper, the effect of lockdown on the overall electricity consumption of Bangladesh is analysed. Also, a neural network-based prediction model is developed to predict the electricity consumption during a lockdown or estimate the future consumption given a lockdown is announced in the future. Furthermore, in order to compare the change in electricity consumption for commercial, residential, and industrial areas, power measurements for the lockdown and the post lockdown period are analysed in detail. Results show a significant decline in the overall electricity consumption of Bangladesh during the period of lockdown. In addition, the commercial and industrial areas showed a considerable reduction in electricity consumption. However, the changes in electricity consumption in residential areas are found negligible. This study will aid in to provide a clearer understanding on the electricity consumption pattern in the case of further lockdowns or in the event of another outbreak in the future., Electricity consumption pattern; COVID-19; Pandemic; Lockdown, Neural network.

Background Sex work is a growing phenomenon triggered by a number of causes. The current study uses a qualitative method to investigate the reasons why women participate in sex work in Tehran. Methods The statistical population consisted of all female sex workers in Tehran, Iran, from which 22 individuals were chosen via snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted for data gathering, and traditional content analysis was used for data analysis. Graneheim and Lundman's method was utilized to evaluate the data, and Guba and Lincoln's criteria were employed to determine the research's strength and transferability. Results The results of the data analysis were divided into five categories (or themes) and 19 subcategories. The categories were familial instability, societal pressure, consumerism, social insecurity, and a meek and inefficient personality. Conclusion Sex work may be avoided by raising women's social status, providing greater economic assistance, making society safer, particularly in workplaces, improving intra-family connections, boosting self-esteem and self-efficacy, and teaching them how to deal with life's issues., Sex workers, Reasons, Conventional content analysis, Iran.

In recent years, the world has shown considerable concerns about environmental degradation accompanied by urban expansion. In terms of size, Bogura is equivalent to most of the major cities in Bangladesh, yet no thermal and ecological assessment has ever been conducted here. This study uses multitemporal Landsat satellite images between 2001 and 2020 to investigate the thermal and ecological conditions of Bogura Sadar (sub-district). Land surface temperature (LST) is obtained from Landsat images using the widely used radiative transfer equation. The thermal and ecological conditions are evaluated by computing urban heat island (UHI) and urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI) from LST data. The influence of vegetation, built-area, water-body, and bare soil on LST are examined using land cover indices through pixel-level multivariate linear regression analysis. According to the findings of this sub-district-scale (urban and rural areas) study, the mean LST has increased by 0.62 °C in the last 20 years. As per local administrative-wise findings, LST has increased in most areas, regardless of their urban or rural function. The difference between the urban area and the rest of the surroundings was significant (1.74 °C) in 2020. In 2001, UHI affected area was 5.65 km2, which expanded to 8.84 km2 in 2020. Thermal and ecological conditions are worse in urban areas than its surrounding areas. The regression models of the LST and land cover indices could explain more than half (R2: 0.66 to 0.73) of LST variation over the years. Land cover could explain the LST in 2020 to the least extent implying that anthropogenic activities have greater influence than earlier. Land cover could explain less than half of the LST variation in the urban area., Land surface temperature; Urban heat island; Urban hotspots; Urban thermal field variance index; Land cover indices; Multivariate linear regression.

Parking allocation has become a major problem in modern cities for which numerous smart parking systems (SPS) have been developed. This paper aims to provide comprehensive study, comparison and extensive analysis of SPSs in terms of technological approach, sensors utilized, networking technologies, user interface, computational approaches, and service provided. Moreover, the paper fills up the research gap by providing a clear insight into the suitability of SPSs in various environmental conditions and highlights their advantages/disadvantages. The extensive comparison among multiple aspects of SPSs would enable researchers, designers, and policymakers to identify the best suited SPS and understand the current trends in this sector., Smart parking system; Internet of things; Wireless sensor network; VANET; Sensor; Image processing; Smartphone application; Web application; Machine learning; Neural networks

The Estevez-Mansfield-Clarkson (EMC) equation and the (2+1)-dimensional Riemann wave (RW) equation are important mathematical models in nonlinear science, engineering and mathematical physics which have remarkable applications in the field of plasma physics, fluid dynamics, optics, image processing etc. Generally, through the sine-Gordon expansion (SGE) method only the lower-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) are examined. However, the method has not yet been extended of finding solutions to the higher-dimensional NLEEs. In this article, the SGE method has been developed to rummage the higher-dimensional NLEEs and established steady soliton solutions to the earlier stated NLEEs by putting in use the extended higher-dimensional sine-Gordon expansion method. Scores of soliton solutions are figure out which confirms the compatibility of the extended SGE method. The solutions are analyzed for both lower and higher-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations through sketching graphs for alternative values of the associated parameters. From the figures it is notable to perceive that the characteristic of the solutions depend upon the choice of the parameters. This study might play an impactful role in analyzing higher-dimensional NLEEs through the extended SGE approach., The sine-Gordon expansion method; Estevez-Mansfield-Clarkson equation; Riemann wave equation; Soliton solutions.

Background Prostitutes in Iran are faced with many challenges and problems that pose risks to their health. Objective The present study is an attempt to identify and narrate the challenges and experiences of Iranian prostitutes based on a qualitative approach. Methods This qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach in (2018) in Tehran, Iran. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 prostitutes who were selected using a snowball sampling method and analyzed with Colaizzi's method. In order to examine the quality of findings, Guba and Lincoln's measures were used. Results Data analysis results were classified into five main categories and 14 subcategories. The main issues are: The experience of violence, Heath risk, social ostracism, objectifying, and lack of social and legal supporting structures. Conclusion Prostitutes in Iran experience numerous problems at personal and social levels. By providing social, economic, and legal supports for them such as social services (e.g. educations on how to use contraceptives, how to have safe sexual intercourse, and free counseling services for mental support), we can improve their health and welfare., Psychology; Cultural Sociology; Prostitute Women; Experiences; Challenges; Qualitative Study; Iran.