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Background: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) can pose a great burden on affected children, their families, and the healthcare system. Due to the lack of knowledge about the precise pathophysiology of FGIDs, a proper identification of children at risk to develop FGIDs has never been attempted. The research aims to identify early-life risk factors for FGIDs such as infantile colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation, within the first year of life. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled both term and preterm infants from a tertiary care university hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. The study employed both traditional statistical methods and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically a random forest classification model, to identify key risk factors associated with the development of FGIDs. Based on these findings, an AI-based predictive model will be developed, along with a user-friendly, web-based interface designed for practical risk assessment. Results: 6060 infants were enrolled. 8.1 % were born preterm. According to random forest classification model by AI, birth weight (BW), cord blood pH, and maternal age were the most relevant variables linked to development of FGIDs in the first year of life. Some discrepancies between potential risk factors identified through conventional statistics and AI were detected. Conclusion: For the first time machine learning allowed to identify BW, cord blood pH and maternal age as important variable for risk prediction of FGIDs in the first year of life. This practical risk assessment tool would help clinicians to identify infants at risk of FGIDs who would benefit from a tailored preventive approach.

Objectives: To evaluate effectiveness of a nasal resveratrol/carboxymethyl-β-glucan solution compared to nasal saline solution: a) on common cold symptoms by means of a validated measure scale (CARIFS score), b) on Rhinovirus infection and CCL2, CCL5, IL8, IL6, CXCL10 and TLR2 expression in nasal swabs, c) on frequency of relapses after 30 days of follow-up. Methods: 89 infants with respiratory infection symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either a nasal resveratrol/carboxymethyl-β-glucan solution or nasal saline solution.All patients were evaluated with CARIFS score at enrollment, after 48 h, 7 and 30 days by physicians and parents. Nasal swabs were obtained at enrollment, after 48 h and after one week. Results: CARIFS score improved in both groups. Episodes of sneezing and cough were fewer in study group after 7 days of follow-up (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found on nasopharyngeal swabs in Rhinovirus detection and cytokines expression after 48 h, nor in 30 days relapses. TLR2 expression was significantly higher in Rhinovirus infected children of the study group. No adverse effects occurred. Conclusions: These data suggest that a solution containing resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan might have a positive impact on both clinical and socio-economic burden due to infant common cold.