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Background Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is defined as a fixation on healthy eating behaviours. Research exploring ON and body mass index (BMI) has been inconsistent, with some findings indicating a positive relationship between ON and BMI, while other studies have suggested no relationship. To date, potential associations with emotional and mindful eating have been explored only in a vegan population. The present research adopted an exploratory approach and examined the relationship between or-thorexia and BMI, and possible associations with emotional and mindful eating. The potential predictive value of mindful and emotional eating with respect to ON was also explored, while the role of four different types of emotional eating (happi-ness, sadness, anger, anxiety), utilising an emotional eating scale incorporating positive and negative emotions, was further explored. Participants and procedure Two hundred and twenty-three participants completed the online survey that was distributed via social media to a British sample. Results The findings suggested a negative correlation between ON and BMI. Participants who presented higher levels of orthorexia were more likely to display higher levels of focused eating, a central aspect of mindful eating, as well as lower levels of emo-tional eating in response to happiness – two elements that further predicted ON in multiple regression models. Conclusions The results suggest a need to conduct further research to explore the possible role of happiness as a potential protective tool against ON, and further suggest the likely negative role of some components of mindful eating in ON. Future directions are discussed in light of the present findings.

Background Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an under-researched maladaptive eating behaviour which focuses on the quality and purity of food. Mindful eating refers to being aware of what we eat by making conscious food choices. Guilt and shame are negative self-evaluative emotions which have been associated with maladaptive eating behaviours. This study explores the relation-ships between ON, mindful eating, and feelings of guilt and shame. Participants and procedure Two hundred and fifty-two participants were recruited from various online platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and In-stagram. They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires on ON, mindful eating, and guilt and shame. Results The findings suggested that ON was significantly negatively associated with the mindful eating subscales focused eating, hunger and satiety, and eating with awareness and significantly positively associated with guilt and shame. In addition, guilt was significantly negatively associated with focused eating, whilst both guilt and shame were significantly negatively associated with hunger and satiety and eating with awareness. Further investigation suggested that guilt and shame medi-ated the association between mindful eating and ON. Conclusions It was concluded that guilt and shame could explain the association between mindful eating and ON. Limitations and fu-ture directions are discussed.

Background Preliminary findings suggest that mindfulness and self compassion training are associated with enhanced weight regulation. However, the associations between these traits and body mass index (BMI) are mixed. Participants and procedure In a cross-sectional investigation, university students (n = 183) were asked to fill in questionnaires on mindfulness, self-compassion, mindful eating, and motivations to eat palatable foods. Results The results suggest that mindfulness, self-compassion and mindful eating related negatively to motivations to eat palatable foods. Mindful eating displayed the most significant relationship. Further investigations showed that some subscales of self-compassion, mindfulness and mindful eating related to motivations to eat palatable foods and BMI more significantly. The ability to draw more and better conclusions by investigating the relationship of subscales to health behaviors and outcomes, especially with self-compassion, has been noted in previous rationales and theories. The notable relationships were (a) the enhancement subscale of the motivations to eat palatable foods, which appeared to relate positively to self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification, while (b) the coping subscale related to all subscales within the self-compassion scale. Conclusions The current findings support different lines of research that suggest that mindful eating, mindfulness and/or self-compassion support weight regulation. Mindfulness practices could potentially add the right motives to eat palatable foods (such as being motivated to eat when people are hungry), and potentially eat less of the foods that lead to weight dysregulation. The findings are discussed and suggested paths for further research are recommended.

background Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an under-researched maladaptive eating behaviour which focuses on the quality and purity of food. Mindful eating refers to being aware of what we eat by making conscious food choices. Guilt and shame are negative self-evaluative emotions which have been associated with maladaptive eating behaviours. This study explores the relationships between ON, mindful eating, and feelings of guilt and shame. participants and procedure Two hundred and fifty-two participants were recruited from various online platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires on ON, mindful eating, and guilt and shame. results The findings suggested that ON was significantly negatively associated with the mindful eating subscales focused eating, hunger and satiety, and eating with awareness and significantly positively associated with guilt and shame. In addition, guilt was significantly negatively associated with focused eating, whilst both guilt and shame were significantly negatively associated with hunger and satiety and eating with awareness. Further investigation suggested that guilt and shame mediated the association between mindful eating and ON. conclusions It was concluded that guilt and shame could explain the association between mindful eating and ON. Limitations and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

background Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is defined as a fixation on healthy eating behaviours. Research exploring ON and body mass index (BMI) has been inconsistent, with some findings indicating a positive relationship between ON and BMI, while other studies have suggested no relationship. To date, potential associations with emotional and mindful eating have been explored only in a vegan population. The present research adopted an exploratory approach and examined the relationship between orthorexia and BMI, and possible associations with emotional and mindful eating. The potential predictive value of mindful and emotional eating with respect to ON was also explored, while the role of four different types of emotional eating (happiness, sadness, anger, anxiety), utilising an emotional eating scale incorporating positive and negative emotions, was further explored. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Two hundred and twenty-three participants completed the online survey that was distributed via social media to a British sample. RESULTS The findings suggested a negative correlation between ON and BMI. Participants who presented higher levels of orthorexia were more likely to display higher levels of focused eating, a central aspect of mindful eating, as well as lower levels of emotional eating in response to happiness - two elements that further predicted ON in multiple regression models. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a need to conduct further research to explore the possible role of happiness as a potential protective tool against ON, and further suggest the likely negative role of some components of mindful eating in ON. Future directions are discussed in light of the present findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Research into dieting and mindfulness has primarily focused upon how mindfulness and mindful eating affect dieting. However, the effect is bi-directional, with the process of dieting also impacting on mind-set and eating. We therefore aimed to investigate how people on different diets experience mindfulness and mindful eating. The present research aimed to explore whether or not specific weight loss diets are likely to prompt more of the elements described in mindfulness and mindful eating theory. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE A community sample (N = 312) who were dieting at the time of recruitment were asked to fill in mindfulness and mindful eating measures, where commercial weight loss programmes (CWLP), low carbohydrate (LC), and intermittent fasting (IF) were used as dieting methods, as well as general healthy eating (GHE). Analyses of variance were conducted with the intention of comparing those groups in mindfulness and mindful eating, as well as their corresponding sub-constructs. The questionnaires and demographic information were provided through an online database, as well as other information relating to the diet, duration and history of dieting. RESULTS The results showed intermittent fasting dieters to score higher across mindfulness and mindful eating scores, although the differences from the rest of the groups were not significant. Investigating mindful eating further through the subscales revealed that CWLP scores were significantly higher in 'routine' when compared to GHE. Trait mindfulness subscales displayed no significant differences, except 'describe', which was higher in CWLP over LC dieting. CONCLUSIONS Specific emphasis is given to future directions, and the potential to identify diets that are theoretically and practically consistent with the theory and practices of mindfulness and mindful eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Academic stress is associated with (a) increased food intake and (b) choosing calorie-dense food choices in higher education students. In this research, mindfulness was used to alleviate academic stress and, in effect, promote healthier eating behaviours and decision-making. participants and procedure Ninety students were randomly allocated to either a mindfulness or a control condition. Both conditions exposed students to a stress-inducing task and levels of anxiety were recorded three times (i.e., prior to and after stress induction, and post-intervention) during the experiment. Chocolate and grapes were available to participants after the experiment as a token of appreciation. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that mindfulness had a non-significant effect on increasing consumption of healthy food, but assisted the decrease in consuming unhealthy food when compared to the control group. The main analyses revealed that when mindfulness alleviated stress (i.e., by using the anxiety measurements as a manipulation check), students consumed more healthy food and less unhealthy food. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness appears to enable better decision making as regards healthy and unhealthy foods when mindfulness meditation actually works. While the results appear positive, non-engagement with mindfulness meditation may necessitate the availability of other practices to reduce anxiety and stress. Clinical implications and the integration of health and wellbeing initiatives into universities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Treatment adherence is a major concern in cystic fibrosis (CF), with accumulating evidence that health outcomes are worse in patients with lower levels of adherence. This study investigates how adherence differs for adults with CF during a weekday and a weekend day by examining the roles of sex, anxiety, depression, and lung function as predictors of adherence. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Fifty-two adult participants with CF were recruited. Demographics and spirometry Results were recorded. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and two daily phone diaries in order to record their adherence to pancreatic enzymes, vitamins, physiotherapy and exercise. Based on previous findings, it was hypothesised that reported adherence would be higher during the weekend in comparison to weekdays, due to lower time pressure during the weekend. RESULTS Paired sample t-tests indicated that overall participants had higher reported adherence during the weekend in comparison to weekdays, with sex, anxiety, depression and lung function being predictors of adherence. CONCLUSIONS Clinical implications and future directions are discussed, with an emphasis on the need for further qualitative research. We are now conducting another research project utilising qualitative interviews with participants to further investigate adherence within the CF population. Our aim is to identify the main adherence barriers and to develop interventions to improve treatment adherence in the CF population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]