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The article focuses on transformative insights into spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and their association with persistent headache syndromes. Topics include the emerging understanding that the majority of individuals with imaging-proven Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leaks have normal opening pressure, the recognition of CSF-venous fistulas as a significant cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension, and the occurrence of persistent headache syndromes following dural punctures during epidurals.

Background: Stigmatization and trivialization of headache confront individuals with headache disorders, but the degree to which media may contribute is incompletely understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify the frequency of disparaging metaphorical use of the words "headache" and "migraine" in articles and summaries of major publications. Methods: This longitudinal study analyzed a dataset of 1.3 million articles and summaries written by authors and editors of 38 major publications. Data cover written publications from 1998 up to 2017. The use of the words "headache" or "migraine" in articles and summaries by major publications was rated by two authors (P.Z. and A.V.) as either "metaphorical" or "medical" based on their contextual application. Pearson's chi‐squared test was applied to assess differences in the frequency of metaphorical use of "headache" in comparison to "migraine." Secondary outcomes were the source of publication and time of publication. Results: A total of 6195 and 740 articles included the words "headache" or "migraine," respectively; 7100 sentences contained the word "headache" and 1652 sentences contained the word "migraine." Among a random sample of 1000 sentences with the word "headache," there was a metaphorical use in 492 (49.2% [95% CI, 46.1–52.3]) sentences. Among a random sample of 1000 sentences with the word "migraine," there was a metaphorical use in 45 (4.5% [95% CI, 3.2–5.8]) sentences. The five most prevalent sources were CNN, Fox News, The New York Times, The Guardian, and The Washington Post. There was an overall increase in the number of articles containing the words "headache" or "migraine" from database inception until analysis (1998 up to 2017). The database included no articles containing either "headache" or "migraine" in 1998; in 2016, this number was 1480 articles. Conclusions: In this longitudinal study, major publications applied a metaphorical use of "headache" about half of the time. The metaphorical use of "headache" is 11‐fold greater than the metaphorical use of "migraine" in the same media sample. These depictions may contribute to the trivialization of headache and the stigmatization of individuals with headache disorders. Studies with individuals affected by headache disorders are needed to clarify potential influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the relationship between mental health and migraine outcomes in children and adolescents. Topics include the 2019 joint guidelines on the preventive treatment of migraine in this population, a prospective study questioning the association between anxiety/depression and migraine outcomes, and the limitations of previous literature in supporting clinical beliefs and guidelines.

The article announces the new class of Assistant Editors at medical journal Headache, including Doctor Maya Marzouk, Doctor Paula Sureda-Gibert, and Doctor Nan Cheng with backgrounds in psychology, neuroscience, and headache medicine, respectively.

The article highlights the annual Headache Basic Science Prize, which recognizes outstanding basic science research papers published in the journal Headache. The winners of the 2022 prize were Dr. Mason and colleagues for their paper on the role of prolactin signaling in stress-induced behavioral responses in a preclinical mouse model of migraine.

The article emphasizes the caution needed when dealing with fabricated citations generated by artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models like Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), within the context of headache medicine. Topics include the potential risks of AI-generated citations, the specific instance of fabricated citations observed in an observational study, and the importance of vigilance from editors, and readers in maintaining scientific integrity.

The article introduces the development and release of Common Data Elements (CDEs) for post-traumatic headache (PTH) by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), aiming to standardize data collection in PTH research. Topics include the significance of CDEs, the collaboration between the American Headache Society and NINDS in creating PTH-specific CDEs, and the availability of case report forms (CRFs) for characterizing headaches before and after traumatic brain injury.

The article reports on a study exploring the association between Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders/hypermobile type Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (HSD/hEDS) and migraine in adolescents. The study reveals a significant positive association between HSD/hEDS and migraine in adolescents, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the underlying pathophysiology and develop specific treatment strategies tailored to individuals affected by both conditions.

Plain Language Summary Publication: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/head.14647 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on trainee highlights in the field of headache, acknowledging exceptional individuals. It includes Dr. Aliasger Nagri, a clinical fellow in Neurology with a focus on vascular and autoimmune neurology; Dr. Roberto Rodríguez-Rivas, a Mexican neurologist specializing in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis; and Liu Yang, a master's student with an interest in headache research mentored by Prof. Xiao at Wuhan University.

The article focuses on recognizing and highlighting exceptional trainees in the field of headache research, featuring Avneet Hans, Xue Zhang, and Iris Verhagen, who have recently published noteworthy work and are pursuing careers related to headache disorders and neurology.

An editorial is presented on Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) being an exemplary neuropathic facial pain condition in adults. Topics include underlying paroxysmal pain being the focal demyelination of primary trigeminal afferents near the entry of the trigeminal root into the pons; and showing triptan overuse headache and preventing the use of sumatriptan in the long-term treatment of TN.

An editorial is presented on diagnostic criteria for trigeminal neuralgia. Topics include patients with idiopathic cases expected to be pain-free between episodes without associated neurologic deficits, while those with symptomatic cases; and lesions of focal demyelination in the pons cause mostly lancinating pain with mild background pain or sensory loss.

The article presents the discussion on behavioral treatments working for migraine prevention. Topics include providing separate estimates for each dose and route of administration of each triptan; resulting from progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, behavioral management, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), biofeedback, mindfulness-based interventions, and hypnosis; and cognitive behavioral therapies leading to reductions in attacking frequency and disability.

An editorial is presented on the predicting the Future of Migraine Attack Prediction. Topics icnlude the empirical observation may lead to mechanistic hypotheses that can subsequently be tested, the prediction models for migraine are primarily based on external and internal events which are temporally associated with increased risk of an attack, and the triggers are events associated with an increased probability of an attack of a relatively brief period.

The article discusses in headache research, frequentist inferences have used, methods exist and deserve consideration. Topics include introduction to Bayesian inference continues the series of methods and statistics primers in the Journal; and the idea of probability has an interesting history, and the study of probability has a mature branch of mathematics.

The article provides an overview of Headache journal's Assistant Editor training program, highlighting the success and achievements of the inaugural class. Clinician-scientist-educators were selected for a 2-year term and made significant contributions to the journal, including improving author guidelines, refining published images, and addressing research through the lens of sex and gender.

The article offers information on various factors related to headaches and migraines, including lifestyle, diet, dietary triggers, caffeine, and sleep. It discusses the impact of diet and nutrition on headaches, the relationship between alcohol and migraines, the complex relationship between caffeine and headaches, and the potential benefits of dietary nutrients such as riboflavin, magnesium, thiamine, and coenzyme Q10.

The article presents the discussion on three trainees all of whom have published recently in Headache. Topics include reducing the burden on physicians and allowing them to devote more time to clinical practice of headache medicine; and movement disorders and the interplay with other neurological pathologies, including headache.

In the article, the authors present their programs and accomplishments in the advancement of their commitment to peer reviewers of the journal, including the launching of the tiered peer reviewer recognition system.

The article announces the appointments of several assistant editors of the journal "Headache," including Elizabeth Ackley, Vimala N. Bharadwaj, and Moises Dominguez.

The author reflects on the relationship between stress and migraine. Also cited are the post hoc longitudinal observational study on the link between stress and same-day peak head pain intensity in patients with chronic migraine, and the issues over the use of commercial mobile health applications (app) in interpreting study results conducted post hoc.

An editorial is presented on types of regression and headache. Topics discussed include the variables are used to examine relationships in observational research setting, one of the variables is the exposure, several are the confounders; and naming conventions are pertinent to the many types of relationships that can be examined in regression analysis.

The article discusses the value of headache specific recommendations during COVID-19. Topics include providers have been asked to give guidance on additional treatment options; the COVID-19, treatments that may have been considered "too expensive" in the past for typical insurance coverage; and eliminate or minimize migraine medication copays given the financial impact of COVID on patients.

The article discusses overview of common statistical tests and their assumptions. Topics include researchers who collect quantitative data must decide how to analyze this data, and this decision involves many elements; this editorial continues the series of primers on methodological and statistical issues in the Journal; and a statistical test is used to make inferences about the null hypothesis.

An editorial is presented on hypothesis testing, is a form of inferential statistics that allows us to draw conclusions about an entire population based on a representative sample. Null Hypothesis, based hypothesis testing begins with the formulation of the null hypothesis. Fisher's Approach method allows the estimation of the probability of observing a test result at least as extreme as the test statistic, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

The article offers information on the journal that reaches its 60th volume, that has never been in a stronger position. It mentions the journal quickly evolved from the early days with scientific studies starting to emerge by the late 1960s; and has continued to refine what it publishes and reinforce ever-higher standards that must be met for publication.

The article offers several common sampling designs, uses of sampling designs in headache research, and common problems encountered with sampling. It mentions that each element in a sampling frame has a known and nonzero chance of selection, and random selection is used to choose elements; and also mentions advantage of stratified sampling is often useful when variability within strata is small and variability between strata is large.

The article discusses the perceptions of the peer review process of the periodical. It discusses that theoretically dealing with the high-quality peer reviews of the same manuscript. It mentions the articles have been published about both topics and manuscripts including botulinum toxin for headache treatment and peripheral denervation procedures for headache.

An editorial is presented in which author discusses new guidelines of migraine. Topics discussed include information on guidelines from American Academy of Neurology (AAN) in collaboration with specialty societies has developed a growing number of evaluation and treatment guidelines; challenges of guideline development like finding strength of the evidence of efficacy; and use of the standardized approach of the guideline development.

The article presents a study that discussed appraisal of the methods used in the study like aware of the details of the design of the study, different study designs involve different data collection methods, employ different analysis methods, and a precise understanding of the design. It discussed the challenges of conduct of observational research also describe common observational study designs and the use of such designs in headache research.

The article presents the discussion on exceptional trainees at the medical student, resident, fellow, graduate, or postdoctoral levels publishing noteworthy work in the journal. Topics include Holly Elser, being a second-year resident physician in neurology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; and Skyler Kanegi being a fourth-year medical student at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, applying into child neurology.

An editorial is presented on the nationwide population-based survey to analyze the correlation between dietary intake of two essential substances, thiamine and riboflavin, and reduced burden of headache, likely migraine, in a large and diverse population. It outlines the limitations inherent in dietary review by recall, which include reduced accuracy compared to much more onerous observed or prescribed diet studies. An overview of the category of migraine is presented.

The article offers information on the social media can be used to promote awareness and attendance for scientific meetings, which has been demonstrated specifically in the headache field. It mentions many scientific and medical journals have established Twitter accounts, including Headache; and also mentions journals attempt to optimize their Tweets in order to increase visibility, readership, and journal submissions.

The article discusses the descriptive statistics in scientific research which make up an important part of a research report since reporting all data from all participants is rarely realistic, providing an overview of the characteristics of the sample data and are used to communicate this information in a straightforward manner. It states that most descriptive statistics are relatively simple and easy to understand while some are more complicated and require careful consideration before use.

An editorial is presented on the Trainee authors of the journal "Headache".

The article offers information on the hypothesis for migraine progression in which risk factors are linked to persistent activation of the trigeminovascular pathway. It discussed prevention and treatment of chronic migraine (CM) that may be achieved through interventions which prevent trigeminovascular activation.

The authors reflect on the association between headache and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other topics include the central role of headache in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the study on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, characteristics, and management of COVID-19.

The article presents the discussion on upholding quality literature and honoring the editorial process including closure of gaps in headache medicine education, headache medicine research, and the specialty's workforce.

An editorial is presented on the patient with previous idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) developing a new onset spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Topics include developing an imaging-proven spinal CSF leak with new orthostatic headache in the absence of a dural puncture; and CSF leak recurrence among patients successfully treated for a spinal CSF leak in the setting of rebound intracranial hypertension.

Unnecessary confusion still surrounds the use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in the setting of migraine with aura (MwA). Clearing this confusion is a key issue for headache specialists, since most women with migraine have menstrual-related migraine (MRM), and some CHCs can prevent this particularly severe migraine. Their use, however, is still restricted by current guidelines due to concerns of increased stroke risk - concerns that originated over half a century ago in the era of high dose contraceptives. Yet studies consistently show that stroke risk is not increased with today's very low dose CHCs containing 20-25 µg ethinyl estradiol (EE), and continuous ultra low-dose formulations (10-15 µg EE) may even reduce aura frequency, thereby potentially decreasing stroke risk. This article clarifies the stroke risk of CHCs and examines their impact on migraine. It also examines how stroke risk is altered by the estrogen content of the CHC, by contributing factors such as smoking, age and hypertension, and by aura frequency. And finally, it puts these risks into a meaningful context with a risk/benefit assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]