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Exponential improvements in imaging techniques over the last ten years, through patients’ and physicians’ wishes for less invasive fetal work-up, now allow us to better explore and understand fetal lung physiology during pregnancy. Diagnostic and prognostic consequences at stake are huge, especially for fetuses at risk of pulmonary hypoplasia. We will decline in three parts (normal lung, malformative lung and pulmonary hypoplasia), through a review of the literature and enlightened by our experience, the potentialities and limitations of all imaging modalities (Ultrasound, Doppler, 3D, MRI). Then, we will dwell on future leads and the need for large-scale collaborative studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]