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ABSTRACT Over the past few years, a large number of studies have focused on whether population or employment is critical to the source of metropolitan growth. However, only few attempts have so far been made to additionally consider the suburbanization stage and pattern of commuting, which may both enable us to explore this 'chicken-egg' issue a little further. The purpose of this paper is to compare dwelling-based (housing) with job-based (job) employment to evaluate the net commuting. The Taipei metropolitan area, for example, now lies at the initial suburbanization stage with only population decentralization and massive in-commuting to the central city. The estimation results based on a co-integration system reveal that the central-city employment can be regarded as an engine of this metropolitan economy. Besides, we also find that dwelling-based employment distorts the causality between population and employment, especially from the variance-decomposition accounts. Therefore, the importance of commuting to investigating the evolution of metropolitan economy should not be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between U.S. metropolitan county employment growth and poverty. Differential job growth–poverty linkages are found across metropolitan size and type of county. Own-county employment growth significantly reduces central-county poverty in large metropolitan areas relative to suburban county poverty. Compared with larger metropolitan areas, broader metropolitan-wide job growth has more poverty reducing benefits in medium and smaller metropolitan areas, suggesting fewer metropolitan-wide job-accessibility constraints. The results suggest that targeted place-based efforts to spur job growth may help reduce poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Internal migration has been recognized as the major influence in terms of population redistribution across urban systems, but it is not a homogeneous phenomenon. Within the context of internal rural‐urban migration decline and the negative changes in migratory balances in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, the core of enquiry in this paper is the approach to growth and consolidation of an internal urban–urban migration system in the early twenty‐first century (2000–2015). This process has taken place through two main networks, among metropolitan areas not corresponding to the principal city and among intermediate cities. Internal migration is a complex process that involves both individual and spatial characteristics and which leads to spatially uneven development in the long term. Data from three censuses of the population of Mexico (2000, 2010, and 2015) show a transition to a more urban–urban migration pattern, with skilled migrants tending to have metropolitan and urban destinations, whereas less‐skilled migrants prefer rural and small urban destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]