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The issue of child marriage has been taken up as a serious issue not only in Pakistan but also in the world. It is creating negative impact affecting the young girl in manifold such as in social and physiological development, particularly in girls who are not prepared to get married at a young age. In South Asia, child marriage is not a new phenomenon and is affecting millions of girls every year. It has been a socially established practice carried on from generations after generations both in India and Pakistan. In Pakistan, as in other countries of South-Asia, child marriage is practiced more in rural areas as a mean to establish strong relations between families, to senle disputes between aristocratic and royal families and to make deals over land and property. Despite the establishment of international bodies and government laws, government in Pakistan is unable to enforce existing law to remove discrepancy between national law, customary law and religious law. Child marriage is considered a personal maner governed by culture and religion. Pakistan faces a serious problem of childhood marriage in its social system. The most significant cause is a combination of established traditional values, weakness in implementation of state law and social system This research intends to takes up issue of childhood and marriage in Pakistan, in the light of science, psychology, Islamic law and different religions in order to understand event of marriage and prescribed age limits. Only then we will be able to differentiate child marriage, youth marriage, and early marriage in Pakistan and direct our efforts in right direction for girls who get married forcibly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic diversity is the most significant aspect in the study of politics. It plays a powerful role in political development and change. This study examines the politics of Pakistan with theoretical as well as practical analysis based on racial, cultural and historical characteristics of Pakistani society. The cultural pluralism plays an important role in the politics of Pakistan based on cultural and regional outlets of ethnic diversity. It has direct impact on both central-provincial-local relations on the one hand, and problems of national integration, on the other hand. This study further analysis the integration, rejection and Multicultursim policies of the state of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aimed to find out gender differences in the level of creativity in government and private school students. It was hypothesized that there are significant differences in the creativity level of private and government school students. It was also hypothesized that there are likely to be significant gender differences in creativity. Cross-sectional research design was used for this purpose. The sample consisted of N=120 students of 9th and10th class from The Educators (private school) and Muslim High School (government school). Creative Behavior Inventory by Hocevar (1979) was used. Independent sample t-test was used to find out the gender differences and differences in creativity level in government and private schools students. Results revealed that there are significant differences between private and government school students in all domains of creativity. Results showed significant gender differences in some domains of creativity (literature, crafts, art and mathematics) whereas nonsignificant gender differences found on other domains (music and performing arts) in government school students. Results also showed significant gender differences in some domains of creativity (art, music, crafts, and performing arts) whereas non-significant gender differences found on other domain (literature and mathematics) in private school students. Research has important implications in educational settings and to enhance creativity of children through planning and implementations of different programs in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female engineers serving as full-time university faculty face challenges in balancing between the role of a mother and a professional academician. Career is important but so is their family. Obstacles encountered and consequently strategies adopted by them in order to strive for balance between both roles are discussed in this paper. It is a qualitative research based on Grounded theory approach. The results indicate that the responsibilities of a mother and that of a professional academician are overlapping in some cases. However, managing both the roles simultaneously is difficult and stressful. Hence, depending on their circumstances working mothers adopt diverse strategies to overcome the issues of reconciling motherhood and career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]