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This document is an editorial that provides an overview of the logical steps involved in conducting research. The author introduces a four-step systematic process, as well as his own flow of eight logical steps for conducting a research project. The document includes an example of applying this trajectory to a research problem related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a specific population in Pakistan. Additionally, the document includes a list of published articles in the Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences that cover various medical conditions and diseases in different populations in Pakistan, aiming to contribute to the understanding and management of these health issues. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis is a common hypersensitivity disorder that is prevalent globally. The objective of this trial was to compare the efficacy of Olopatadine versus Ketotifen ophthalmic solution in relieving itching in allergic conjunctivitis in population of Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This RCT was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan from March 01, 2022 to June 30, 2022. One-eighty-six patients with allergic conjunctivitis with itching score of 2-3 and aged 5-65 years were randomly allocated to two groups; 93 to experimental/ Olopatadine and 93 to control/Ketotifen group. Itching was graded as; no itching zero, mild itching 1, moderate itching 2 and severe itching 3. Pre-treatment itching score was measured. Experimental group used Olopatadine Hydrochloride 0.1% b.i.d., while control group used Ketotifen Fumarate 0.025% q.id., both for six-weeks. Posttreatment presence of itching was measured as 0-1 as itching relieved and 2-3 as not relieved. Sex, age groups, pre-treatment itching score and presence of itching were described by count and percentage. Hypothesis was verified using McNemar chi-square test. Results: Experimental/Olopatadine group included 58 (62.37%) men and 35 (37.63%) women, while control/ Ketotifen group included 55 (59.14%) men and 38 (40.86%) women. There were 78 (83.87%) patients in age group 5-35 years and 15 (16.13%) in age group 36-65 years in each group. Pre-treatment itching score was 2 in 40 (43.02%) and 3 in 53 (56.98%) patients in experimental group, and 2 in 42 (45.16%) and 3 in 51 (54.84%) patients in control group. Itching was relieved in 77 (82.80%) in experimental/Olopatadine group, and in 67 (72.04%) patients in control/Ketotifen group. Experimental/Olopatadine showed statistically significantly higher efficacy than control/Ketotifen (p-value .0139). Conclusion: The efficacy of Olopatadine Hydrochloride 0.1% b.i.d. was higher than Ketotifen Fumerate 0.025% ophthalmic solution q.i.d. in terms of itching relief in allergic conjunctivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Importance of emotional quotient (EQ) is growing globally in field of medical educational systems. Our objectives were to determine EQ of medical students in Faisalabad, Pakistan and their differences by sex, age groups and residence. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan from July to August 2021. Including 367 medical students; EQ was assessed by Emotional Intelligence Scale. EQ was a research variable on ratio scale. Sex, age groups and residence were demographic variables on nominal scale. Nominal variables were described as count and percentage. Skewed data for EQ was described by median and IQR and normal data by mean and SD. Hypotheses with skewed data were verified by Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann Whitney tests, while hypotheses with normal data were verified by independent samples t test at alpha .05. Results: The sample of 367 medical students included 112 (30.5%) boys & 255 (69.5%) girls and 176 (48%) in age group 20-22 & 191 (52%) in age group 23-25 years, and 232 (63.2%) boarders & 135 (36.8%) day scholars. Median EQ score of sample was 101, lower than test value (p=<.00001). Median EQ score of boys 102 was similar to girls 101 (p=.22). Mean EQ score of age group 20-22 years 102.61 was similar to age group 23-25 years 102.40 (p=.887) and of boarders 101.6±14.423 was similar to day scholars 104.02 (p=.116). Conclusion: Emotional quotient scores of medical students of Faisalabad, Pakistan were same for boys and girls and for age group 20-22 and 23-25 years and for boarders and day scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]