Search

The possibility of using quartz sands from the Oinakum deposit as a promising source of high-quality quartz-containing raw materials for the glass industry in order to obtain higher grades of glass is considered. The chemical, granulometric, and mineralogical compositions of quartz sands of the Oinakum deposit were investigated; different enrichment schemes were used to obtain high concentrations of quartz sand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highlights of the 24th International Exposition Glass World held in Moscow are briefly cited. About 100 companies from 12 countries of the world participated. New manufacturing and quality-control technologies of glass products and the main structural components of glass furnaces and methods of their high-quality production are demonstrated at the exposition. Examples of the most successful enterprises in the glass industry are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of experimental research on the production of foam-glass-crystalline materials based on technogenic raw materials by a low-temperature technology for synthesis of granular glass are presented. The granular glass is an intermediate product of the formation of a glass body during heat-treatment of technogenic raw materials (slag, TPP fly-ash) and corrective additives. Subsequent foaming of the granular glass makes it possible to obtain a thermal insulation material - foam-glass-crystallite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rational temperature-time regime for obtaining an alkaline concentrate based on quartz and caustic soda is determined. The physical and chemical properties of the concentrate and its effect on the glassmaking properties are studied. The possibility of using the alkaline concentrate with full substitution for glass sand and soda in the composition of the glass batch is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical review of the literature on changes in glassmaking processes, diathermancy of molten glass and light transmission of glass as a function of the redox potential of the raw material and batch is given. Experimental data on the effect of the redox potentials (RP) of batches and cullet on the color of glasses with commercial compositions are presented. The conditions for transformations and equilibrium of iron oxides in glassmaking are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of the residual stresses arising in float-glass production are presented. The forms, causes, magnitude and direction of the stresses are described. The condition for off-cut breakage is derived mathematically. Modeling with ANSYS Structural Ver. 14.0 is used to obtain the stress pattern when the breaking bar is raised and the critical parameters for which glass losses occur during cutting are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusion-chemical interactions in glass in the system KO - PbO - SiO are analyzed. The interactions are treated from the kinetic standpoint in interrelation with the structural particulars of glasses and the conditions of technological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The procedure for calculating and designing melting tanks for glassmaking furnaces used in the manufacture of container glass is examined. It is shown that mathematical modeling of the internal heat and mass transfer makes it possible to increase substantially the quality of the design solutions, whose implementation creates objective prerequisites for attaining a high energy efficiency and productivity for glassmaking furnaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general state of the glass industry in Russia at the present stage is analyzed. It is shown that on the basis of the production volume of sheet glass and glass containerware the glass industry is one of the largest industrial sectors in Russia. An intermediate-term forecast of the demand for the main resources—gas, electricity, sand, dolomite, soda, and cullet—is constructed on the basis of a determination of the trends in the further growth of glass production in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that when smaller NiS inclusions are present the “heat-soak” method of rejecting toughened glasses does not completely guarantee that these glasses cannot fail spontaneously while in use. It is posited that the reason why glasses fail spontaneously is not so much the polymorphism of NiS as high stresses around NiS inclusions and, in consequence, a limitation on the “life” time of glass in accordance with the kinetic theory of long-term strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data on the ionic staining of glasses are analyzed from the standpoint of ligand field theory. New information is added to the existing information on the staining of glasses by transition-metal compounds. Data on the structure of glass-forming melts and the conditions for the formation of staining complexes are presented. A possible mechanism for amber staining in glasses is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern methods and systems for monitoring the redox balance in glass as a key parameter for stabilizing the glassmaking process and attaining reproducible prescribed functional properties of glass and glass articles are examined. It is shown that the value of the trichromatic characteristics — the dominant wavelength, purity, and brightness of the color — must be used to monitor the light protection function of glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is demonstrated that the hydrodynamics of a melting tank of a contemporary highly efficient glass-melting furnace depends on a set of combined factors. Along with temperature distribution on the melt surface depending on exterior heat exchange, convection flows to a large extent depend on the tank design, the batch loading, and glass melt working conditions, as well as the working flow parameters determined by the specific output of the furnace. The combined analysis of the results of modeling external heat-exchange and the tank hydrodynamics suggest that the most advisable heating regime for the considered furnace design is when the total length of the flame is equal to the furnace length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems arising in automating the calculation of the glass batch formula and algorithms used to solve this problem are considered. A universal programs for automating the batch formula calculation is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A batch preparation technology is proposed using traditionally prepared and mixed components with subsequent superfine milling of the mixture adding special temporary reactants. The milling method involves mechanical acceleration of the material and its self-milling. The crusher has high reliability parameters. A batch prepared in this way is homogeneous and ensures a fast completion of silicate formation reactions in the initial zone of the melting tank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical and technological properties of an improved modification of soda ash from nepheline material and its effect on batch preparation and silicate and glass formation and on the properties of glass are considered. It is established that the improved modification of soda with respect to its physicochemical and technologies properties and storage behavior belongs to the “heavyweight” category, is a promising alkali-bearing material, and can be recommended for effective application in the production of glass containers and household and sheet glass, including decorative float glass with special properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work performed on laser cutting of glass articles at the Scientific-Research Institute of Technical Glass is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model based on the principle of the superposition of waves is proposed for the power distribution on the surface of a glass plate heated by means of tubular heaters. This model makes it possible to predict the propagation of the temperature field on the surface of glass plate as a function of the arrangement and power of the heating elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of investigations of the water resistance of float glass (both initial and tempered) made by different manufacturers are presented. It is found that heat-absorbing and colorless float glass exhibit asymmetry of the water-resistance of the molded surfaces: the water resistance of the bottom surface is approximately twice as good as that of the top surface. It is shown that the tempering process decreases the water resistance of the glass, and the asymmetry of the water resistance of the surfaces remains. It is concluded on the basis of the results obtained that the water resistance of float glass depends on its chemical composition and the production process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass-formation in potassium-lithium-aluminosilicate system is studied. The effect of tin oxide on the crystallization properties of K2O–Li2O–Al2O3 – SiO2 glasses is studied. The crystallization properties of transparent and opacified glasses are compared. The phase composition of the products of their crystallization is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redox conditions for glass making are investigated on a working glass-melting furnace using molding sand. Data obtained from instrumental measurements of the ROP of the glass mass and reasons for destabilization of the technological process are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A technology and a facility for cost-effective fabrication of glass-kremnezit based on modular production methods have been developed. A mathematical model is proposed for calculating heat transfer. This model makes it possible to determine the required thicknesses of the thermal insulation for the covered heater and the shapes for which the heat losses into the surrounding atmosphere during continual operation of the heater are reduced to a minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimum design and metal composition for gob feeder cutting blades that reduced blade wear, entry of metal products of blade wear into the glass melt gob, and decreased the defects that arise in gob cutting were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies were conducted to determine the strength and thermal stability of samples of glass with edges obtained by cutting a moving ribbon of float glass by mechanical and laser cutting. The advantage of laser cutting was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial practice of producing electrovacuum glass with periodical changes in glass compositions is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capillary force and crystallization strength of glass batch components are studied moistening the batch with solvents of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and other components. The obtained data can be used for solving problems related to moistening glass batches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for melting glass in a direct monohomogeneous thin flow of mechanochemically activated batch is proposed, which makes it possible to obtain homogeneous defect-free glass melt and intensify all stages of the glass-melting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A function describing the properties of glass subjected to complex thermal treatment is proposed. The advantages of three-stage thermal treatment before pulse hardening are specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships serving as the basis for the calculation of optimum glass-annealing regimes are analyzed. The method for the calculation of optimum cooling regimes is extended to the general case of heat treatment of glass, including the heating, exposure, and cooling stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of using lightweight and heavy soda produced by Soda JSC (Sterlitamak) and technical soda ash of grade 2 based on nepheline material produced by the Achinskii Alumina Works in a continuous process of producing light-heat-shielding bulk-tinted float sheet glass is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of alkali materials are analyzed. The specifics of preparing batch and glass melting using various types of soda are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors needed to identify an optimum energy-saving annealing regime for glass articles are considered. A structure of an automated system for the calculation of glass annealing conditions is proposed, which makes it possible to model and optimize the process of annealing of sheet, container, and household glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct calculations of the solar radiation transmission based on different standards have been performed for several types of glass and the discrepancy in the data obtained is evaluated as a function of the optical properties of the glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of unconventional raw materials in glassmaking is demonstrated. Their compositions are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of the glass making and production system at the Irbit GlassWorks, using off-grade raw materials and a method for affecting the glass making and production process, is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of transmission of sheet glasses with hard and soft low-emission coatings in the ultraviolet spectrum range is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors consider volumetric and weighing proportioners for liquid components of glass batch, as well as proportioners measuring the flow rate of liquids using vane flowmeters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wide range of high-quality refractories for the integrated equipment of glass-making furnaces is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new design for a manipulator turrent intended for the fixation of large-size windshield glasses in bending is considered. The device allows for gripping a flat glass packet (glass + film + glass) before bending, as well as molded glass after bending, and placing it on a carrier car. The kinematic scheme and the layout of the device are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]