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Transvaginal ultrasound and serum concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin are the main methods of prognostic evaluation of early pregnancies. Although these pregnancy investigation methods have proven their benefits, the interpretation is fundamental for a correct diagnosis, in order to avoid interventions that may affect pregnancies that would normally have had a physiologic course, as well as to apply an appropriate management in the case of nonviable pregnancies. Recent studies have shown the need to adopt rigorous criteria that minimize false positive results and thus decrease the frequency of diagnostic errors. Over time, a series of ultrasound features have been described which have proven effective in predicting nonviable pregnancies in the first trimester (cranio-caudal length in relation to the presence or absence of cardiac activity, yolk sac diameter, gestational sac diameter in relation to presence or absence of embryo with cardiac activity, embryonic heart rate, subchorionic hematoma etc.). In the context of the new prospects for the development of artificial intelligence softwares, the present work focuses on the description of the precise ultrasonographic aspects aboded by the latest studies that propose certain cut-off values dependent on the gestational age of the ultrasound parameters in the first trimester, increasing the sensitivity and the specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of nonviable early pregnancies, thus aiming to improve the reproductive prognosis of couples with recurrent abortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of prelabor rupture of membrane (PPROM) is one of the most discussed issues in perinatal medicine. The guidelines recommend to manage the pregnancy expectantly whenever this is possible, taking into account certain factors, such as gestational age, presence or absence of maternal/fetal infection, presence or absence of labor, fetal presentation, fetal well-being, and cervical status. Our objective is to demonstrate the benefits of expectantly management. We undertook a retrospective observational analytical study in which we included PPROM pregnancy between 2015 and 2020. We followed the evolution of premature newborn using several parameters (neonatal death, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxia, intraventricular hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal sepsis), originated from both PPROM pregnancies that were managed expectantly and PPROM that were delivered short time after admission. In PPROM pregnancies managed expectantly we included the patients to whom there had been administrated tocolysis, corticosteroids and antibiotics, so the delivery was postponed. We observed a significant decrease in neonatal complication in pregnancies that were prolonged. We concluded that the expectantly management of pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane leads to a statistical benefit, decreasing the incidence of fetal and maternal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]