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Intrauterine growth restriction or fetal growth restriction represents a fetal incapacity of achieving its entire growth potential in intrauterine life, as a result of maternal, fetal and/or placental causes, from hypertension, autoimmune diseases, drug consumption, hereditary thrombophilia to genetic syndromes, intrauterine infections, umbilical cord anomalies or placental insufficiency. The ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetus with intrauterine growth restriction identifies an estimated fetal weight or a fetal abdominal circumference below the 10 th percentile for gestational age; a severe fetal growth restriction is defined as an estimated fetal weight below the 3rd percentile. The Delphi consensus managed to classify fetal growth restriction as early, being diagnosed under 32 weeks of gestation, respectively late, after 32 weeks of gestation. Up to 10% of pregnancies are complicated by fetal growth restriction, which are then considered high-risk pregnancies for the morbidity and mortality risk carried for the fetus, requiring an accurate diagnosis of the cause, intensifying the fetal monitoring and timing the birth, in order to deliver the fetus in safe conditions. This paper proposes an algorithm for an initial evaluation of fetal growth restriction, with the aim of simplifying the medical approach when encountering a fetus with intrauterine growth restriction, in order to improve morbidity and mortality rates among pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the number of microorganisms that cause maternal-fetal infections has led to the need to update the acronym TORCH (Toxoplasma, Others, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes) to SCRATVHEZ (Syphilis, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, AIDS, Tuberculosis, Varicella, Herpes, Enterovirus, Zika). The multiple routes of transmission (transplacental, intrapartum, breast milk or posttransfusion), the multitude of microorganisms generating various and complex complications – from quasi-asymptomatic diseases to intrauterine growth restriction, neurological sequelae and to fetal death, the treatment that varies from case to case, between symptomatic and etiological and the possibility of preventing infections, outline their complexity and importance. A complete and correct early diagnosis involves clinical, biological and serological evaluation from the prenatal period, in order to prevent the evolution of infections, especially in the case of those in which there is an etiological treatment. The importance of knowing these infections and the effort to prevent their transmission, in order to limit the development of the consequences they can cause, are key elements in the optimal management of a pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the number of microorganisms that cause maternal-fetal infections has led to the need to update the acronym TORCH (Toxoplasma, Others, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes) to SCRATVHEZ (Syphilis, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, AIDS, Tuberculosis, Varicella, Herpes, Enterovirus, Zika). The multiple routes of transmission (transplacental, intrapartum, breast milk or posttransfusion), the multitude of microorganisms generating various and complex complications – from quasi-asymptomatic diseases to intrauterine growth restriction, neurological sequelae and to fetal death, the treatment that varies from case to case, between symptomatic and etiological and the possibility of preventing infections, outline their complexity and importance. A complete and correct early diagnosis involves clinical, biological and serological evaluation from the prenatal period, in order to prevent the evolution of infections, especially in the case of those in which there is an etiological treatment. The importance of knowing these infections and the effort to prevent their transmission, in order to limit the development of the consequences they can cause, are key elements in the optimal management of a pregnancy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]