1. Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations.
- Author
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Zheng, X., Zhang, Y., Klein, S. A., Zhang, M., Zhang, Z., Deng, M., Tian, J., Terai, C. R., Geerts, B., Caldwell, P., and Bogenschutz, P. A.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC radiation measurement ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,SUPERCOOLED liquids ,PHASE partition ,STRATOCUMULUS clouds ,CUMULUS clouds - Abstract
This study examines marine boundary layer cloud regime transition during a cold air outbreak (CAO) over the Norwegian Sea, simulated by a global storm‐resolving model (GSRM) known as the Simple Cloud‐Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model (SCREAM). By selecting observational references based on a combination of large‐scale conditions rather than strict time‐matched comparisons, this study finds that SCREAM qualitatively captures the CAO cloud transition, including boundary layer growth, cloud mesoscale structure, and phase partitioning. SCREAM also accurately locates the greatest ice and liquid in the mesoscale updrafts, however, underestimates supercooled liquid water in cumulus clouds. The model evaluation approach adopted by this study takes advantages of the existing computational‐expensive global simulations of GSRM and the available observations to understand model performance and can be applied to assessments of other cloud regimes in different regions. Such practice provides valuable guidance on the future effort to correct and improve biased model behaviors. Plain Language Summary: Cold air outbreaks occur when cold, dry air moves over warmer ocean regions, forming extensive boundary layer clouds. However, current climate models struggle to accurately represent these clouds due to their complex nature. This study examines the performance of the global storm‐resolving model, the Simple Cloud‐Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model (SCREAM), in simulating marine boundary layer clouds during cold air outbreaks over the Norwegian Sea. This study compares the SCREAM simulated clouds during a cold air outbreak event to observations under similar large‐scale conditions from satellites and ground‐based measurements collected during a field campaign of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. The results indicate that SCREAM successfully simulates three distinct cloud patterns during cold air outbreaks with credible mesoscale structures. Yet, it tends to underestimate supercooled liquid water and consequently, the cloud liquid water fraction, especially in cumulus clouds. The study suggests that using high‐resolution observations under similar large‐scale conditions can effectively evaluate global storm‐resolving models. This approach helps identify areas for improvement without requiring expensive global storm‐resolving model simulation designed for specific cases. Key Points: The Simple Cloud‐Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model (SCREAMv0), at a resolution of 3 km, simulated three distinctive cloud regimes in cold air outbreaks with credible mesoscale structuresSCREAMv0 qualitatively captures the transition of the cloud phase partitioning based on high‐resolution observationsObservations selected based on similar large‐scale conditions can be important references for global storm‐resolving model evaluation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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