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This paper presents a transportation spatio-temporal system that efficiently converts traffic video data into vehicular motion information in spatio-temporal databases for a variety of transportation applications. The proposed transportation spatio-temporal system interpolates the vehicle trajectory data (i.e., time, location, and speed), which are extracted from video, and integrates them with spatial road information for storage of dynamic transportation environments. The proposed transportation spatio-temporal system can mitigate data storage and retrieval issues related to storing large amounts of traffic video. Moreover, users can manage and operate multiform and multidimensional traffic data in a spatio-temporal transportation environment. The proposed approach is demonstrated for typical transportation applications. The experimental results show that the proposed transportation spatio-temporal system has excellent potential for addressing issues related to storage of large amounts of traffic video data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of effective and efficient schedule-based pathfinding algorithms for transit networks has limited the application of GIS in transit trip planning services. This paper introduces a schedule-based path finding algorithm for transit networks. Based on a pattern-centered spatiotemporal transit network model, the algorithm searches the network by following route patterns. A pattern is a spatial layout of a route in transit terminology. A route usually has many patterns to serve various locations at different times. This path search algorithm is significantly different from traditional shortest path algorithms that are based on adjacent node search. By establishing a set of lemmas and theorems the paper proves that paths generated by the PFS algorithm are schedule-coordinated fastest paths for trips with given constraints. After analyzing computation and database query complexities of the algorithm the paper indicates that the PFS is efficient in computation and database query. Finally, effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated by implementations in GIS-based online transit trip planners in Wisconsin, US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation systems exist to improve individual accessibility. However, emerging applications of GIS in transportation (GIS-T) and intelligent transportation system (ITS) focus on throughput (the amount of system flow) rather than accessibility. Throughput is related but not equivalent to accessibility. Sensitive transportation planning requires rigorous, realistic and tractable accessibility measures. This paper reports on the development of GIS software that implement space-time accessibility measures (STAMs). The STAMs reflect the benefits that individuals receive from the transportation system. They are easily interpreted, particularly with respect to changes in accessibility. The STAMs also consider the locations and travel velocities dictated by the transportation system as well as individuals’ daily activity schedules. Tractable computational procedures allow calculation of the STAMs for detailed, urban-scale transportation networks. A prototype ArcInfo$^\circledR$-linked software system that runs on Windows NT$^\circledR$ or Sun Solaris$^\circledR$ platform implements the STAMs with user-friendly interfaces and project management tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of GIS-T is characterized in three stages: the map view, the navigational view, and the behavioral view. The static nature of the map view favors applications related to inventory and description, and raises difficult questions of accuracy and interoperability. The navigational view adds concerns for connectivity and planarity, and the storage of time-dependent attributes. Navigation also raises issues of representation related to scale, including the need for lane-level connectivity. The behavioral view stems from the work of Hägerstrand, treating transportation events as dynamic and occurring within the largely static transportation space. Appropriate representations for the behavioral view have still to be worked out. In all three cases the legacies of prior technologies and perspectives are still evident. The paper presents a series of research challenges, dealing with standards, representation, unambiguous communication, economic models, response to new technologies, and application of knowledge gained from GIS-T and ITS research to other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives the definitions of transport telematics and intelligent transport systems (ITS), and describes the basic pre-conditions, situation and market of ITS as well as its applications (products and services) in Europe. Availability of navigable digital maps is emphasized as a major premise. Strategic aspects and key issues for ITS development are explained. Current weaknesses and prospects for ITS services in 20 years are discussed. It is concluded that ITS will make a major contribution to the sustainable development of our society, because it increases our mobility without additional environmental burdens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on transportation as one of the most important geographic phenomenon. Emergence of the term intelligent transportation systems; Exploration of the issue evolving rules for geographic information systems; Impact of the emergence of geographic information and intelligent transportation systems on the way people deal with transportation.