1. Understanding the spatio-temporal distribution of bush encroachment in savannah rangelands, South Africa.
- Author
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Maphanga, Thabang, Shoko, Cletah, Sibanda, Mbulisi, Thamaga, Kgabo Humphrey, and Dube, Timothy
- Subjects
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RANGELANDS , *DIGITAL elevation models , *REMOTE-sensing images , *RANDOM forest algorithms , *RAINFALL , *NATIVE plants - Abstract
Bush encroachment threatens rangelands' biodiversity and productivity, impacting savannah ecosystems based on location, management practices, and factors like erratic rainfall, climate change, and environmental variability. Considering these challenges, this study therefore seeks to evaluate bush encroachment changes over-time (1992-2022) in the Southern part of Kruger National Park and surrounding communities of South Africa. The study estimated the proportion and extent of encroacher plants in relation to native bush species. To achieve this objective, bioclimatic variables, and a digital elevation model in conjunction with the Random Forest model were utilized. Classified satellite imageries achieved an overall accuracy of 72 and 93%, respectively. A gradual increase in bush encroachment was observed from 41,947 hectares (ha) (3.4%) in 1992 to 61,225 ha (10%) in 2022. Additionally, this study observed a decline in the spatial extent of native plant species by 178,163.4 ha, while invasive species have expanded by 44,022.17 ha from 1992 to 2022 wet season. There is a significant increase in the invasive woody species across the years; because the p-value (p<0.000) is <5% (p<0.05), the significance level is <5%. The findings of this study offer a significant understanding of the historical patterns of bush encroachment over the past three decades. This information serves as a baseline for formulating strategic and sustainable management approaches to combat bush encroachment and promote effective rangeland preservation in predominantly savannah ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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