1. Alternative Modes of Introgression-Mediated Selection Shaped Crop Adaptation to Novel Climates
- Author
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José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
- Subjects
polygenic adaptation ,Domestication ,Gene Flow ,Plant Breeding ,climate change ,Crop wild relatives ,fluctuating selection ,Genetics ,purifying selection ,hybridization ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Genome, Plant - Abstract
Recent plant genomic studies provide fine-grained details on the evolutionary consequences of adaptive introgression during crop domestication. Modern genomic approaches and analytical methods now make it possible to better separate the introgression signal from the demographic signal thus providing a more comprehensive and complex picture of the role of introgression in local adaptation. Adaptive introgression has been fundamental for crop expansion and has involved complex patterns of gene flow. In addition to providing new and more favorable alleles of large effect, introgression during the early stages of domestication also increased allelic diversity at adaptive loci. Previous studies have largely underestimated the effect of such increased diversity following introgression. Recent genomic studies in wheat, potato, maize, grapevine, and ryegrass show that introgression of multiple genes, of as yet unknown effect, increased the effectiveness of purifying selection, and promoted disruptive or fluctuating selection in early cultivars and landraces. Historical selection processes associated with introgression from crop wild relatives provide an instructive analog for adaptation to current climate change and offer new avenues for crop breeding research that are expected to be instrumental for strengthening food security in the coming years.
- Published
- 2022