1. DNA is structured as a linear 'jigsaw puzzle' in the genomes of Arabidopsis, rice, and budding yeast
- Author
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Liu, Yun-Hua, Zhang, Meiping, Wu, Chengcang, Huang, James J., and Zhang, Hong-Bin
- Subjects
Nucleotide sequencing -- Research ,Genetic research ,DNA sequencing -- Research ,Arabidopsis thaliana -- Genetic aspects ,Fungi, Pathogenic -- Genetic aspects ,Rice -- Genetic aspects ,Botanical research ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Knowledge of how a genome is structured and organized from its constituent elements is crucial to understanding its biology and evolution. Here, we report the genome structuring and organization pattern as revealed by systems analysis of the sequences of three model species, Arabidopsis, rice and yeast, at the whole-genome and chromosome levels. We found that all fundamental function elements (FFE) constituting the genomes, including genes (GEN), DNA transposable elements (DTE), retrotransposable elements (RTE), simple sequence repeats (SSR), and (or) low complexity repeats (LCR), are structured in a nonrandom and correlative manner, thus leading to a hypothesis that the DNA of the species is structured as a linear 'jigsaw puzzle'. Furthermore, we showed that different FFE differ in their importance in the formation and evolution of the DNA jigsaw puzzle structure between species. DTE and RTE play more important roles than GEN, LCR, and SSR in Arabidopsis, whereas GEN and RTE play more important roles than LCR, SSR, and DTE in rice. The genes having multiple recognized functions play more important roles than those having single functions. These results provide useful knowledge necessary for better understanding genome biology and evolution of the species and for effective molecular breeding of rice. Key words: DNA structuring and organization, genetics, variation and evolution, Arabidopsis, rice, yeast. Resume: La connaissance de l'organisation et de la structure d'un genome a partir de ses elements constituants est cruciale pour comprendre la biologie et revolution d'un genome. Dans ce travail, les auteurs decrivent les modes de structuration et d'organisation des genomes tels que reveles par une analyse systemique des sequences de trois especes modeles (Arabidopsis, le riz et la levure) a l'echelle du genome et des chromosomes. Les auteurs ont trouve que tous les elements fonctionnels fondamentaux (FFE) constituant les genomes, incluant les genes (GEN), les elements transposables a ADN (DTE), les retro-elements (RTE), les sequences simples repetees (SSR) et les sequences repetees a faible complexite (LCR) sont organises de maniere non-aleatoire et correlee, ce qui les amene a formuler l'hypothese que l'ADN des differentes especes est structure a la maniere d'unpuzzle lineaire. De plus, les auteurs montrent que differents FFE different quant a leur importance dans la formation et revolution de la structure du puzzle d'ADN entre especes. Les DTE et RTE joueraient des roles plus importants que les GEN, LCR et SSR chez Arabidopsis, tandis que les GEN et RTE joueraient des roles plus importants que les LCR, SSR et DTE chez le riz. Les genes ayant plusieurs fonctions reconnues joueraient un role plus important que ceux n'ayant qu'une seule fonction. Ces resultats fournissent un eclairage utile pour mieux comprendre la biologie et l'evolution des genomes des especes et pour plus efficacement ameliorer le riz. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: structuration et organisation de l'ADN, genetique, variation et evolution, Arabidopsis, riz, levure., Introduction A genome is an organic entity hosting the entire genetic material (DNA) of an organism and contains almost all of the biological information necessary for life. Therefore, it is [...]
- Published
- 2014
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