12 results on '"Urethritis diagnosis"'
Search Results
2. The history of non-gonococcal urethritis.
- Author
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Oriel JD
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Gonorrhea history, History, 15th Century, History, 16th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, Ancient, History, Medieval, Humans, Public Health, Urethritis diagnosis, Urethritis therapy, Urethritis history
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Neutrophil enzymes in urine for the detection of urethral infection in men.
- Author
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Fraser PA, Teasdale J, Gan KS, Eglin R, Scott SC, and Lacey CJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Gonorrhea diagnosis, Humans, Leukocyte Elastase, Male, Middle Aged, Neutrophils enzymology, Clinical Enzyme Tests, Pancreatic Elastase urine, Peroxidase urine, Urethritis diagnosis
- Abstract
Objectives: To determine if assaying the neutrophil enzymes, neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the urine of men attending a genitourinary medicine clinic could identify those with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis infections, and those with urethritis (with or without an identified infection with either organism), and to compare the new assays with the performance of the leucocyte esterase test (LET)., Method: 100 men had urethral specimens taken for Gram-stained urethral smear, culture for N gonorrhoeae, and for C trachomatis testing by enzyme immunoassay. First-voided urines were tested for leucocyte esterase by commercial dipstick (positives were defined as greater than "trace") and then frozen at -20 degrees C prior to being assayed for NE and MPO., Results: Five patients had gonorrhoea, six had chlamydia and none had both. Evidence of urethritis (> 5 polymorphonuclear leucocytes in four x 1000 fields) was found in 29 men. The results of the urine assays showed MPO levels to be non-discriminatory; however NE levels were significantly elevated in patients with proven infection or urethritis or both. Using NE values from men with no infection or urethritis an upper limit for normal was defined. Utilising this, the sensitivity of the elastase assay was calculated and found to be superior to the sensitivity of LET for detecting proven infection (64% vs 36%) and urethritis (52% vs 31%)., Conclusions: Further studies of neutrophil elastase in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of urethritis are indicated.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. STD/HIV control in Malawi and the search for affordable and effective urethritis therapy: a first field evaluation.
- Author
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Lule G, Behets FM, Hoffman IF, Dallabetta G, Hamilton HA, Moeng S, Liomba G, and Cohen MS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chlamydia isolation & purification, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Chlamydia Infections prevention & control, Gonorrhea diagnosis, Gonorrhea prevention & control, HIV Infections transmission, HIV Seroprevalence, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation & purification, Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission, Syphilis Serodiagnosis, Urethritis diagnosis, Urethritis therapy, HIV Infections prevention & control, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control, Urethritis microbiology
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate gonococcal (GU) and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), chlamydia antigen, and serostatus for syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among males attending a Malawian STD clinic with complaints of urethral discharge and/or dysuria. To collect demographic and behavioural data and to determine the effectiveness of five treatments for urethritis., Methods: Urethritis was diagnosed using microscopy and culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sera were screened with rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and if reactive, with microhaemagglutination for Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP). HIV antibodies and chlamydia antigen were detected using enzyme immunoassay. Patients were randomised for treatment, cure was assessed 8-10 days later., Results: At enrolment, GU was diagnosed in 415 (80.3%) and NGU in 59 (11.2%) of 517 males. Chlamydia antigen was found in 26 (5.2%) of 497 specimens tested. Syphilis seropositivity rate (RPR and MHA-TP reactive) was 10.7%. Overall HIV seroprevalence was 44.2%; 71.7% of men with reactive syphilis serology were HIV(+) compared with 40.9% of syphilis seronegatives (OR: 3.6, p < 0.001). Trimethoprim 320 mg/sulphamethoxazole 1600 mg by mouth for 2 days (TMPSMX), or the combination of amoxicillin 3 gm, probenicid 1 gm, and clavulanate 125 mg by mouth once (APC), failed to cure gonorrhoea effectively. Amoxicillin 3 gm, probenicid 1 gm, and clavulanate 125 mg, by mouth once with doxycycline 100 mg BID for 7 days (APC-D), gentamicin 240 mg IM once (GENT), ciprofloxacin 250 mg by mouth once (CIPRO) cured 92.9% to 95% of gonorrhoea. APC-D treatment did not generate less NGU at follow-up. HIV serostatus did not affect cure of urethritis., Conclusion: All patients presenting with urethritis should be treated syndromically using a simple algorithm and screened for syphilis seroreactivity for appropriate treatment and counselling.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Unsatisfactory performance of the leukocyte esterase test of first voided urine for rapid diagnosis of urethritis.
- Author
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Patrick DM, Rekart ML, and Knowles L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chlamydia trachomatis isolation & purification, Clinical Enzyme Tests standards, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation & purification, Sensitivity and Specificity, Urethritis microbiology, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases urine, Urethritis diagnosis
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the performance characteristics of a dipstick test for leukocyte esterase (LE), (Chemstrip 2LN, Boehringer Mannheim) in predicting the presence of urethritis and urethral pathogens in men presenting to a busy sexually transmitted disease clinic and to street outreach facilities., Methods: Urethral swabs for polymorphonuclear (pmn) cell count, gonorrhoea culture and chlamydia enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as well as 15 ml of first voided urine (FVU) were collected from 737 symptomatic and 726 asymptomatic men. Gonorrhoea cultures and pmn counts were processed according to standard methods. Either Abbott Chlamydiazyme EIA (confirmed) or Syva Microtrak EIA (confirmed) test was employed to detect C trachomatis. The LE test was immediately dipped in FVU, read after 60-120 seconds by the clinician and considered positive if trace, 1+ or 2+., Results: Microscopic evidence of urethritis (> or = = 4 pmn cells per 1000 x field) was found on urethral smear of 782 (53.5%) patients. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea or both were present in 104 (7.1%) patients. Performance characteristics of the LE test were as follows: (table below), Conclusion: The LE test did not have adequate sensitivity to be considered a reliable rapid diagnostic test for urethritis or urethral pathogens, particularly in the asymptomatic portion of this STD clinic population.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in developing countries.
- Author
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Mabey D
- Subjects
- Chlamydia Infections complications, Gonorrhea complications, Humans, Male, Urethritis diagnosis, Urethritis etiology, Developing Countries, Urethritis therapy
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Leukocyte esterase urine strips for the screening of men with urethritis--use in developing countries.
- Author
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Tyndall MW, Nasio J, Maitha G, Ndinya-Achola JO, Plummer FA, Sellors JW, Luinstra KE, Jang D, Mahony JB, and Chernesky MA
- Subjects
- Adult, Chlamydia trachomatis isolation & purification, Cohort Studies, Humans, Kenya epidemiology, Male, Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation & purification, Urethritis epidemiology, Urethritis urine, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases, Clinical Enzyme Tests methods, Reagent Strips, Urethritis diagnosis
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: The leukocyte esterase (LE) strip is a useful tool for the screening of men with urethritis. In developing countries, where laboratory facilities are limited, and sexually transmitted diseases endemic, simple and inexpensive diagnostic tests which perform well, would be of great value., Methods: Men presenting with urethritis to a referral clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in Nairobi, Kenya participated in this cohort analytical study. First-void urine was collected for LE dipstick testing as part of the diagnostic work-up. The results of the dipstick measurement were compared with the laboratory detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae., Results: Of 200 men with symptoms of urethritis, 33 (17%) had a pathogen detected from the urethra or the urine. Chlamydia was detected in urine by PCR in 22 (11%), and gonorrhoea was cultured from the urethra in 11 (6%). Esterase activity (trace or greater) had a sensitivity of 76%, a specificity of 80%, a positive predictive value of 42% and a negative predictive value of 94% for the presence of chlamydia or gonorrhoea., Conclusions: The use of the LE dipstick for the screening of men with symptomatic urethritis can improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce the amount of empiric antimicrobial therapy. The low detection rate of chlamydia in these men with a clinical diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis needs further study.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Moraxella urethritis mimicking gonorrhoea.
- Author
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Coker DM and Griffiths LR
- Subjects
- Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Male, Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Gonorrhea diagnosis, Moraxella, Occupational Diseases diagnosis, Urethritis diagnosis
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Chlamydial infections of the urethra in women.
- Author
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Bradley MG, Hobson D, Lee N, Tait IA, and Rees E
- Subjects
- Cervix Uteri microbiology, Chlamydia isolation & purification, Chlamydia Infections transmission, Female, Humans, Urethra microbiology, Urethritis diagnosis, Uterine Cervical Diseases diagnosis, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Urethral Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Cervical and endourethral swabs from 360 untreated women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were cultured for Chlamydia trachomatis and other genitourinary pathogens. The patients included contacts of men with non-gonococcal urethritis, women with gonorrhoea, and those in whom symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection were the main reasons for their attendance. Chlamydial infection of the urethra was less common than, and seldom occurred in the absence of, cervical chlamydial infection; it was frequently silent, producing no signs or symptoms of urethritis. Only 33/96 women with evidence of urethritis gave chlamydia positive urethral swabs, and 14 of them had other concurrent infections of the genitourinary tract. Chlamydia trachomatis thus does not appear to be a major cause of the signs and symptoms of urethritis commonly found in women attending STD clinics, and there seems to be no indication for taking routine urethral swabs to aid in the diagnosis of chlamydial infection in women.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Leucocyte esterase test as rapid screen for non-gonococcal urethritis.
- Author
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Perera SA, Jones C, Srikantha V, Ranawickrama W, and Bhattacharyya MN
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Humans, Leukocytes enzymology, Male, Middle Aged, Clinical Enzyme Tests, Esterases blood, Urethritis diagnosis
- Abstract
The two standard tests for the initial diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), microscopic examination of gram stained urethral smears and the two glass urine test, have the disadvantage of being insensitive and subjective. The leucocyte esterase test detects enzymes specific to polymorphonuclear leucocytes and can therefore be used as a sensitive indicator of pyuria. This study sought to evaluate its use as a rapid, sensitive, and non-subjective method of screening for NGU. Of the 81 men with urethral symptoms in the study group, 26 had more than 5 polymorphonuclear leucocytes per high power field (x 1000) and all 26 were leucocyte esterase test positive; whereas 55 had fewer than 5 polymorphonuclear leucocytes per high power field, but 29 (53%) of them had a positive leucocyte esterase test result. In addition, 25 patients in the study group yielded Chlamydia trachomatis on culture. Of these 25, 24 (96%) were leucocyte esterase test positive, whereas only 11 (44%) were Gram stain positive. All 40 patients in the control group (without urethral symptoms or signs) were leucocyte esterase test negative. The leucocyte esterase test is thus a rapid, sensitive, and non-subjective screening aid in the diagnosis of NGU.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Diagnostic facilities for Chlamydia trachomatis in men.
- Author
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Sharmacharja G
- Subjects
- Diagnostic Services, Humans, Male, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Urethritis diagnosis
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Comparisons of standard diagnostic techniques with Gonostat in detecting gonococcal urethritis in men.
- Author
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Hicks DA, Walsh RJ, and Morton RS
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Gonorrhea diagnosis, Urethritis diagnosis
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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