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Buchanania lanzan Spreng, a member of the Anacardiaceae family, is a valuable tropical fruit tree native to India. This tree species possesses enormous pharmacological properties and socio-economic significance but is underutilised due to inadequate genetic diversity and germplasm wealth resources data. The present investigation attempted to evaluate the diversity of nine accessions of B. lanzan obtained from three distinct geographical locations in the Chhattisgarh state of India using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Ten ISSR primers were used, of which eight ISSR primers produced remarkable bands selected for genetic diversity analysis. The ISSR primers produced a total of 127 loci, of which 63 loci exhibited polymorphism. On average, each primer yielded 7.87 loci. The maximum polymorphism was observed for primer BLA4 (77.77%), while primer BLA10 exhibited the lowest polymorphism (25%). An average 49.87% polymorphism was detected amongst nine accessions using eight ISSR primers. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient exhibited a range of values between 0.63 and 0.98. Genetic variability in B. lanzan accessions is low owing to low polymorphism percentage, although they belong to different agroclimatic regions of the Chhattisgarh state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plums have recently played a significant role in agriculture with their high fiber content, vitamins, and antioxidant substances. In addition to being consumed as fresh fruit worldwide, it is grown commercially in dried form or as various processed additives. In this study, the variation among plum genotypes growing naturally in the garden borders of Suşehri, Koyulhisar, and Akıncılar districts of Sivas province, located in the Kelkit Valley, Türkiye, was investigated using morphological, biochemical and molecular analyses. In terms of morphological characteristics, genotype E9 stood out as having the highest values in terms of fruit weight (25.92 g), fruit width (33.11 mm), and fruit height (34.70 mm). According to the results of biochemical analysis, statistically significant differences were found in total biochemical contents. Genotype E19 has 327.01 mg GAE/100 g for total phenolic content, genotype E11 with 109.98 mg QE/100 g for total flavonoid content, genotype E5 with 48.70% for total antioxidant value, and genotype E9 with 44.54 mg cyn-3-gluc/100 g for total anthocyanin content were the highest values. To determine the genetic diversity of plums at a molecular level, 10 different ISSR primers were used, and a total of 80.00 scorable bands were obtained. 67.00 of the bands obtained were polymorphic. According to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method, the similarity index ranged between 0.69 and 0.99, and two different main groups were formed in the dendrogram. Genotypes 21 and 22 were in the first group. Genotypes E6 and E7 were the closest genotypes with a similarity index 0.99. Five of the 10 different inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers had 100% polymorphism, and eight had 80% or more polymorphism. It is thought that the results obtained in plum genotypes can guide researchers to understand the characteristics of plum species and to integrate the appropriate genetic material or trait of interest into modern plant breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Türkiye is the homeland of many plant species and has a significant genetic diversity. It is seen that different natural almond species grown in the region were included in the breeding research conducted on almonds, which is one of these critical species. In this study, natural almond genotypes grown in Türkiye and different commercial foreign-origin almond cultivar and genotypes obtained from intraspecies hybridization were evaluated morphologically and molecularly. In the hybrid genotypes obtained, plant growth was determined as weak, medium, and strong; plant habitus was upright, upright to spreading, spreading, and drooping; anthocyanin coloration was determined as light, medium, and strong; shoot pubescence was weak and strong, leaf blade/leaf width ratio was determined as medium and high. To determine the genetic diversity of parent plants and hybrid genotypes molecularly, 10 different inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used, a total of 99 scoreable bands, 84 of which were determined as polymorphic. According to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA), the similarity index varied between 0.67 and 0.97, and two different main groups were formed in the dendrogram. Ninety-eight of 141 hybrid genotypes are in the first group. Genotypes Texas × A1-10 and Texas × A4-4 were included in the first group with a similarity index of 0.97. 100% polymorphism was determined in five different ISSR primers, and 80% or higher polymorphism was determined in seven of 10 primers. This group includes genotypes obtained from combinations using the Texas cultivar, mainly depending on the parent's parents. In the second leading group, there are 34 different hybrid individuals with mother and father parents. The results obtained would guide researchers in almond breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic characterization of plant genetic resources is a prerequisite for a strategic breeding programme. Bottle gourd is an important cucurbit grown throughout India for its tender fruits used for culinary purposes. For the present investigation, twenty-four genotypes of bottle gourd were collected from Eastern India to examine the magnitude of genetic diversity based on 16 quantitative traits and seven ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) markers. In the morphological study, genotypes performed significantly in all traits; however, BRBG-65 (591.10 q/ha) proved to be a high yielder with other attributing traits in a pooled analysis of two growing seasons, compared to all three check cultivars of the region. Almost all the traits under study showed a high percentage of genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation and heritability with genetic advance. Quantitative traits like fruit weight, number of fruits per vine and yield of marketable fruits per vine displayed a strong character association with the yield per hectare. The principal component analysis of quantitative traits depicted six principal components, accounting for 79.33% of the total variations. The first two components accounted for 44.92 cumulative percent of the total variation, signifying a high degree of correlation between the analyzed traits. In the molecular study, the average polymorphism percentage was obtained by the ISSR marker pattern studied by seven primers. Totally, 48 reproducible amplicons were generated, with an average of around 6.85 amplicons per primer. The values of polymorphic information content, major allele frequency, Nei's gene diversity, and Shannon's information index were obtained in a wide range. A wide range of values regarding Jaccard's similarity coefficient was also ensured through ISSR markers. Dendrogram and similarity matrix produced from ISSR data were then compared and confirmed the discrimination among genotypes within these clusters. Most genotypes studied in the present experiment differed according to their geographic origin. The investigation highlights the potential utilization of these germplasms for further genetic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic diversity analysis contributes to the conservation, protection and utilization of genetic resources toward efficient management of germplasm. In this investigation, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 32 genotypes of Acmella paniculata [(Wall. ex DC.) R. K. Jansen] collected from 12 different states of Gujarat, India. There were 113 loci amplified by 15 different ISSR markers with an average of 7.53 loci per primer. From the total 113 amplicons; 81 were polymorphic, 43 were monomorphic and 9 were found to be unique showing an average of 60.18% polymorphism. The primer (CT)8T produced a high value (0.65) of polymorphic information content; whereas, primer (TC)8RA produced a low value (0.21). The resolving power value of the primers ranged from 5.25 in primer (TC)8RA to 23.19 in primer (AC)8YT with an average of 12.17. The Jaccard's similarity coefficients value ranged from 0.48 to 0.94. The highest percentage of similarity (94%) was found between accessions AP6 and AP16 which were collected from Panchmahal and Narmada respectively, as they are geographically closely located. Whereas, accessions AP2 from Banaskantha and AP7 from Panchmahal were most distantly related with the similarity value of 48%, as expected to their collection locations. The study revealed that there is no correlation between geographical distance and genetic diversity among the populations studied. The resultant data generated from ISSR molecular marker-based genetic diversity analysis of A. paniculata in Gujarat can provide a reference for the conservation and efficient management of the important Indian genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the genetic diversity of pale flax ( Linum bienne Mill.), the wild progenitor of cultivated flax ( L. usitatissimum L.), and ex situ germplasm of pale flax was scarce. Effort was made to collect 34 pale flax accessions and five landrace accessions of cultivated flax in Turkey. The inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was applied to characterize this set of flax germplasm, along with one Turkish cultivar, one Russian cultivar, five winter and four dehiscent type accessions of cultivated flax. Twenty-four ISSR primer pairs detected a total of 311 DNA fragments, of which 298 bands were polymorphic across 493 flax samples (roughly 10 samples per accession). These polymorphic bands had frequencies ranging from 0.002 to 0.998 and averaging 0.38. Accession-specific ISSR variation ( Fst values) ranged from 0.469 to 0.514 and averaged 0.493. There was 49.3% ISSR variation resided among these 50 accessions, 35.9% harbored among landrace, winter, dehiscent types of cultivated flax and pale flax, and 38.2% present among 34 pale flax accessions. Pale flax displayed more ISSR variation than landraces and dehiscent type, but less than winter type, of cultivated flax. Clustering 493 individual plants revealed that these assayed plants were largely grouped according to their plant types and that pale flax was genetically more close to the dehiscent type, followed by the winter type and landrace, of cultivated flax. Pale flax collected within the geographic range of 180 km displayed a significant spatial genetic autocorrelation. Genetic distances among the pale flax accessions were significantly associated with their geographic distances and elevation differences. These findings are significant for understanding flax domestication and its primary gene pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]