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Several factors are involved in the periodontitis with host response through cytokines and as well as with influence of polymorphisms in cytokine genes, however the results remained contradictory. This study aimed at evaluating the rs1143634 polymorphism in interleukin-1B gene, a cytokine gene, and the risk of chronic periodontitis with conducting a meta-analysis focusing in ethnicity. A review in literature was performed in several databases to studies published before June 2017. Data extraction was performed by two calibrated investigators and the calculations of the meta-analysis were obtained through Review Manager version 5.2 statistical software with Odds Ratio (OR) calculation and Funnel plot (P 0.05) to heterogeneity and the Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 3.3.070 to assessment publication bias by Egger's and Begg's tests. In overall, 54 case/control studies composed the meta-analysis. T allele was significantly associated with patients case (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.48, P 0.00001) in the overall analysis. The stratified evaluation showed the rs1143634 polymorphism had significant association with disease in Caucasian, Asian and mixed population was excepted in African ethnicity (P 0.05). No publication bias was found in allelic evaluation. This meta-analysis in 9376 participants with 54 case/control studies revealed the rs1143634 polymorphism was associated with elevated risk of chronic periodontitis in overall analysis as well as Caucasian and Asian ethnicities and Mixed population.