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Biopsy specimens for culture of Helicobacter pyloriwere obtained from two different sites in the antrum, gastric body, and duodenal cap in 20 patients during endoscopic investigation of dyspepsia. H. pyloriwas identified in 64 isolates obtained from 15 of the 20 patients. Analysis of chromosomal DNA from these isolates of H. pylorishowed that 13 of 15 patients harbored a single strain of H. pylorithroughout their stomach and duodenum. Two differing H. pyloritypes were found in two patients. Unique DNA patterns were shown in each of the 15 patients. The genetic heterogeneity of H. pyloriis unexplained but it could be of considerable value for epidemiological studies.