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Start Over Descriptor "Gut motility" Journal gastroenterology
13 results on '"Gut motility"'

5. Optogenetic Induction of Colonic Motility in Mice.

Author

Hibberd TJ, Feng J, Luo J, Yang P, Samineni VK, Gereau RW 4th, Kelley N, Hu H, and Spencer NJ

Subjects
Animals, Calbindin 2 genetics, Calbindin 2 metabolism, Channelrhodopsins genetics, Channelrhodopsins metabolism, Channelrhodopsins radiation effects, Colon innervation, Colon radiation effects, Enteric Nervous System cytology, Gastrointestinal Transit genetics, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Animal, Neurons metabolism, Neurons radiation effects, Colon physiology, Enteric Nervous System physiology, Gastrointestinal Transit radiation effects, Light, Optogenetics methods
Abstract

Background & Aims: Strategies are needed to increase gastrointestinal transit without systemic pharmacologic agents. We investigated whether optogenetics, focal application of light to control enteric nervous system excitability, could be used to evoke propagating contractions and increase colonic transit in mice., Methods: We generated transgenic mice with Cre-mediated expression of light-sensitive channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in calretinin neurons (CAL-ChR2 Cre+ mice); Cre- littermates served as controls. Colonic myenteric neurons were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, patch-clamp, and calcium imaging studies. Motility was assessed by mechanical, electrophysiological, and video recording in vitro and by fecal output in vivo., Results: In isolated colons, focal light stimulation of calretinin enteric neurons evoked classic polarized motor reflexes (50/58 stimulations), followed by premature anterograde propagating contractions (39/58 stimulations). Light stimulation could evoke motility from sites along the entire colon. These effects were prevented by neural blockade with tetrodotoxin (n = 2), and did not occur in control mice (n = 5). Light stimulation of proximal colon increased the proportion of natural fecal pellets expelled over 15 minutes in vitro (75% ± 17% vs 32% ± 8% for controls) (P < .05). In vivo, activation of wireless light-emitting diodes implanted onto the colon wall significantly increased hourly fecal pellet output in conscious, freely moving mice (4.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.3 ± 0.3 in controls) (P < .001)., Conclusions: In studies of mice, we found that focal activation of a subset of enteric neurons can increase motility of the entire colon in vitro, and fecal output in vivo. Optogenetic control of enteric neurons might therefore be used to modify gut motility., (Copyright © 2018 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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7. T1785 Restoration of Gut Motility in Kit-Deficient Mice By Bone Marrow Transplantation

Author

Shusaku Tsutsui, Sachiko Nakajima, Yoshito Hayashi, Sunao Kawano, Shuji Ishii, Hideki Iijima, Kenji Watabe, Toshiyuki Yoshio, Takahiro Inoue, Satoshi Egawa, Shingo Tsuji, Norio Hayashi, Tsutomu Nishida, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Jumpei Kondo, and Masahiko Tsujii

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, Bone marrow transplantation, Gut motility, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Deficient mouse, Medicine, business
Published
2009

9. Beginning the journey towards physiological imaging of gut motility

Author

K. Schulze-Delrieu and B.P. Brown

Subjects
Hepatology, Gut motility, medicine.diagnostic_test, Digestive System Physiological Phenomena, Gastroenterology, medicine, Humans, Magnetic resonance imaging, Biology, Gastrointestinal Motility, Digestive System, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cell biology
Published
1994

11. Small bowel motor abnormalities in malnourished symptomatic adults complaining of severe digestive symptoms with and without functional subocclusive episodes

Author

Roberto Corinaldesi, Roberto De Giorgio, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Rosanna Cogliandro, Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate, Giovanni Barbara, and L. Cogliandro

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Gi symptoms, Hepatology, Gut motility, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Intestinal loops, Group B, Normal body weight, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, Abnormality, business
Abstract

Aim. To compare small bowel manometric findings in patients with severe digestive symptoms and inability to maintain a normal body weight, with or without recurrent subocclusive episodes in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Methods. Small bowel manometry was performed (fasting> 6h, post-prandial> Ih) by a traditional stationary perfused technique in 62 patients (34.5 ± 12.8 yrs, mean + SD; 57 F) with severe GI symptoms and inability to maintain a normal body weight (BMI 2) radiologically proven subocclusive episodes (distended intestinal loops I airfluid levels) (GROUP A), while the remaining 37 (34.0± 11.9 yrs, mean+SD; 35 F) had not (GROUP B). Organic. systemic and metabolic diseases were ruled out in all patients. The following abnormal motor patterns were visually analysed: abnormalactivity fronts (AbnAFs), bursts, hypermotility, inability to produce a fed pattern (No-FED), clustered contractions (clusters). RESULTS. Patients in GROUP A had undergone a higher number of abdominal surgeries before coming to our laboratory (3.80±2.51 vs 0.94±1.58; p

Published
2000

12. Brainstem tumor presenting as an upper gut motility disorder

Author

Michael Camilleri, James R. Wood, Juan R. Malagelada, and Phillip A. Low

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Medullary cavity, Nausea, Astrocytoma, Organic disease, Motor function, Diagnosis, Differential, Glioma, Humans, Medicine, Medulla Oblongata, Hepatology, Gut motility, Brain Neoplasms, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Anorexia, Vomiting, Brainstem, medicine.symptom, Gastrointestinal Motility, business
Abstract

This case study of an adult with a medullary glioma documents the potential for brainstem lesions to present solely with symptoms of abnormal gastrointestinal motor function. The case illustrates the potential of manometric and scintigraphic techniques in confirming the presence of organic disease in patients with unexplained vomiting.

Published
1985

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