1. Longitudinal Changes in Fecal Calprotectin Levels Among Pregnant Women With and Without Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Babies
- Author
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Joanne Stone, Asher Kornbluth, Joana Torres, Jianzhong Hu, Einar Mørk, Inga Peter, Sierra R. White, Anne Thjømøe, Leonid Tarassishin, Kelly Hawkins, Caroline Eisele, James F. George, Amélie Barré, Marla Dubinsky, Nilendra Nair, João Sabino, Peter Legnani, Holly Loudon, Anish Patel, Anketse Debebe, Alexa Rendon, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Eun Soo Kim, Hinaben J. Panchal, Elana Maser, Maria-Teresa Mella, Ching-Lynn Chen, Manasi Agrawal, and Mario Bento-Miranda
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gastroenterology ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Severity of Illness Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,Crohn Disease ,Interquartile range ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Crohn's disease ,Hepatology ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Colonoscopy ,medicine.disease ,Delivery mode ,Ulcerative colitis ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Pregnancy Complications ,030104 developmental biology ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Colitis, Ulcerative ,Female ,Calprotectin ,business ,Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex - Abstract
Background & Aims The effect of pregnancy on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains poorly understood. We aimed to monitor intestinal inflammation using fecal calprotectin (FC) in pregnant women and their babies during early life. Methods Pregnant women with or without IBD and their infants were prospectively enrolled. FC levels were measured at each trimester of pregnancy and in babies throughout the first 3 years of life. Repeated-measures analysis was applied to investigate changes in FC levels while adjusting for confounders. The FC levels were correlated with the bacterial abundance in both mothers and babies. Results Six hundred and fourteen fecal samples from 358 mothers (98 with IBD) and 1005 fecal samples from 289 infants (76 born to IBD mothers) were analyzed. Pregnant Patients with IBD maintained higher FC levels through pregnancy compared with controls (P = 7.5 × 10–54). FC gradually increased in controls and declined in Patients with IBD throughout pregnancy (P for interaction = 5.8 × 10–7). Babies born to mothers with IBD presented with significantly higher FC levels than those born to controls up to 3 years of age, after adjusting for sex, delivery mode, feeding behavior, and antibiotics exposure (2 weeks to 3 months of age, P = .015; 12–36 months of age, P = .00003). Subdoligranulum, Roseburia, Fusicatenibacter, and Alistipes negatively correlated, and Streptococcus, Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bifidobacterium positively correlated with maternal FC levels at T3. Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Alistipes showed negative correlations, and Streptococcus were positively correlated with FC levels within 3 months of birth. Conclusions Pregnancy is associated with decreased inflammatory activity in mothers with IBD. Higher FC levels in babies born to mothers with IBD suggest subclinical inflammation in early life, the long-term consequences of which are uncertain.
- Published
- 2020