1. User Responses to a Humanoid Robot Observed in Real Life, Virtual Reality, 3D and 2D
- Author
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Martina Mara, Jan-Philipp Stein, Marc Erich Latoschik, Birgit Lugrin, Constanze Schreiner, Rafael Hostettler, and Markus Appel
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,02 engineering and technology ,Virtual reality ,video ,Human–robot interaction ,Presentation ,human-robot interaction ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Mode (computer interface) ,Human–computer interaction ,020204 information systems ,Immediacy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,Original Research ,media_common ,user evaluation ,Service robot ,humanoid robot ,lcsh:Psychology ,immediacy ,Robot ,virtual reality ,Humanoid robot ,presentation mode - Abstract
Humanoid robots (i.e., robots with a human-like body) are projected to be mass marketed in the future in several fields of application. Today, however, user evaluations of humanoid robots are often based on mediated depictions rather than actual observations or interactions with a robot, which holds true not least for scientific user studies. People can be confronted with robots in various modes of presentation, among them (1) 2D videos, (2) 3D, i.e., stereoscopic videos, (3) immersive Virtual Reality (VR), or (4) live on site. A systematic investigation into how such differential modes of presentation influence user perceptions of a robot is still lacking. Thus, the current study systematically compares the effects of different presentation modes with varying immersive potential on user evaluations of a humanoid service robot. Participants (N = 120) observed an interaction between a humanoid service robot and an actor either on 2D or 3D video, via a virtual reality headset (VR) or live. We found support for the expected effect of the presentation mode on perceived immediacy. Effects regarding the degree of human likeness that was attributed to the robot were mixed. The presentation mode had no influence on evaluations in terms of eeriness, likability, and purchase intentions. Implications for empirical research on humanoid robots and practice are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
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