1. Looking at the Road When Driving Around Bends: Influence of Vehicle Automation and Speed
- Author
-
Franck Mars, Jami Pekkanen, Damien Schnebelen, Otto Lappi, Callum Mole, Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Helsinki, University of Leeds, ANR-16-CE22-0007,AutoConduct,Adaptation de la stratégie d'automatisation des véhicules autonomes (niveaux 3-4) aux besoins et à l'état des conducteurs en conditions réelles(2016), Cognitive Science, TRU (Traffic Research Unit), Department of Digital Humanities, Staff Services, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)
- Subjects
6162 Cognitive science ,Time headway ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Poison control ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Visual guidance ,visuomotor coordination ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,General Psychology ,Simulation ,Original Research ,look-ahead fixations ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,gaze behaviour ,Driving simulator ,Gaze ,Automation ,steering control ,lcsh:Psychology ,Anticipation (artificial intelligence) ,automated driving ,Polling ,business ,gaze behavior ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
International audience; When negotiating bends car drivers perform gaze polling: their gaze shifts between guiding fixations (GFs; gaze directed 1-2 s ahead) and look-ahead fixations (LAFs; longer time headway). How might this behavior change in autonomous vehicles where the need for constant active visual guidance is removed? In this driving simulator study, we analyzed this gaze behavior both when the driver was in charge of steering or when steering was delegated to automation, separately for bend approach (straight line) and the entry of the bend (turn), and at various speeds. The analysis of gaze distributions relative to bend sections and driving conditions indicate that visual anticipation (through LAFs) is most prominent before entering the bend. Passive driving increased the proportion of LAFs with a concomitant decrease of GFs, and increased the gaze polling frequency. Gaze polling frequency also increased at higher speeds, in particular during the bend approach when steering was not performed. LAFs encompassed a wide range of eccentricities. To account for this heterogeneity two sub-categories serving distinct information requirements are proposed: mid-eccentricity LAFs could be more useful for anticipatory planning of steering actions, and far-eccentricity LAFs for monitoring potential hazards. The results support the idea that gaze and steering coordination may be strongly impacted in autonomous vehicles.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF