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To screen the genes regulating the biosynthesis of phenolic acid derivatives from the genome of Bletilla striata, we designed a suspension culture system to sample the cells for the following experiments. The contents of four phenolic acid derivatives were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and several full-length transcriptome sequencings of RNA samples at 10 time points were performed for bioinformatics analysis. The correlation analysis was used to identify and verify the key DEGs involved in the biosynthesis of the four phenolic acid derivatives. The results showed that the contents of p-hydroxybenzylalcohol (HBA), Dactylorhin A, Militarine, and Coelonin peaked at 33 days postinoculation (Dpi), 18 Dpi, 39 Dpi, and 39 Dpi of the culture system, respectively. Based on transcriptome data, 80 DEGs involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acid derivatives were obtained. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis classified them mostly into five metabolic pathways: phenylpropane biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolic, cyanoamino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, and phenylalanine metabolism. qPCR analysis revealed that the relative gene expression levels were consistent with the overall trend of transcriptome sequencing results. Among them, 14, 18, 23, and 41 unigenes were found to be involved in the synthesis of HBA, Dactylorhin A, Coelonin, and Militarine, respectively. These unigenes laid a solid foundation for elucidating the biosynthesis mechanism of phenolic acid derivatives in suspension cells of B. striata.

The cultivation medium of Dendrobium nobile has an effect on the contents of its main medicinal components, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the callus, seedlings, rhizomes, and leaves of D. nobile were sequenced for the PacBio SMRT. The 2-year-old stems were selected for the Illumina sequencing and metabolome sequencing to analyze the genetic mechanism of metabolic differences under different epiphytic patterns. As a result, a total of 387 differential genes were obtained, corresponding to 66 differential metabolites. Different epiphytic patterns can induce a series of metabolic changes at the metabolome and transcriptome levels of D. nobile, including flavonoid metabolism, purine metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolic, and related regulatory genes include ALDH2B7, ADC, EPSPS-1, SHKA, DHAPS-1, GES, ACS1, SAHH, ACS2, CHLP, LOX2, LOX2.3, and CYP74B2. The results showed that the genetic mechanism of D. nobile under various epiphytic patterns was different. In theory, the content of metabolites under the epiphytic patterns of Danxia stone is higher, which is more suitable for field cultivation.