1. Effects of Exercise Training on Bone Health Parameters in Individuals With Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Author
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Hassane Zouhal, Abdel Jalil Berro, Sarah Kazwini, Ayoub Saeidi, Ayyappan Jayavel, Cain C. T. Clark, Anthony C. Hackney, Trisha A. VanDusseldorp, Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Rawad El Hage, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), University of Balamand [Liban] (UOB), University of Kurdistan [Sanandaj - Iran] (UOK), SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM), Coventry University, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Kennesaw State University (KSU), and Université de la Manouba [Tunisie] (UMA)
- Subjects
combined training ,exercise ,Physiology ,Physiology (medical) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,QP1-981 ,bone health ,bone mineral density ,bone mineral content ,resistance exercise and aerobic exercise - Abstract
BackgroundOsteoporosis causes bone fragility, increasing the risk of fractures. Evidence suggests a strong correlation between obesity and fracture risk. Physical training is known to enhance bone resistance and protect from fracture; however, its osteogenic effect in the presence of obesity remains unknown.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the influence of exercise training on bone health indices in individuals with obesity.MethodsThis systematic literature search was conducted using common electronic databases from inception - December 2019. The following key terms (and synonyms searched for by the MeSH database) were included and combined using the operators “AND,” “OR,” “NOT”: [(“body mass index” OR obesity OR obese OR overweight OR fat mass) AND (“bone mineral density” OR “bone mineral content” OR “peak bone mass” OR “mechanical loading” OR “Osteoporosis” OR “bone geometry” OR “bone resistance”) AND (“exercise training” OR “physical training” OR “strength training,” OR “resistance training” OR “aerobic training” OR “combined training”)].ResultsAfter screening, 10 studies (889 initial records) were included in the final analysis (8 different countries, 263 participants). Two studies investigated males, six females, and two, both sexes. The training duration was at least eight weeks with 2–3 sessions/week. Physical training displayed a significant trivial impact on the whole body (WB) BMD (0.13 SMD; 95% CI [0.00, 0.26], p = 0.046). Subgroup analyses indicated a significant small increase in the WB BMD (0.27 SMD; 95% CI [0.00, 0.53], p = 0.048) in the endurance training group, a non-significant trivial increase in the WB BMD (0.11 SMD; 95% CI [−0.06, 0.29], p = 0.203) in the resistance group, and a non-significant trivial increase in the WB BMD (0.03 SMD; 95% CI [−0.26, 0.32], p = 0.86) in the combined training group. In addition, a significant small decrease was found in the weight of trained subjects (−0.24 SMD; 95% CI [−0.42, −0.05], p = 0.011).ConclusionPhysical training has little to no effect on the WB BMD in subjects with overweight/obesity. Currently, insufficient evidence to advocate for any specific type of exercise for enhancing bone health exists for overweight/obese individuals. Investigations examining the impact of varying types of physical exercise on WB BMD of obese individuals are needed.
- Published
- 2022