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PurposeCough and sputum are the most common clinical symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. Ambroxol is a mucolytic expectorant commonly used in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and compliance of ambroxol hydrochloride spray (Luo Runchang ®) for the treatment of acute respiratory tract diseases in children.MethodsThis was a multicenter, open-labeled, randomized controlled study. The experimental group received ambroxol hydrochloride oral sprays, and the control group received ambroxol hydrochloride oral solutions. The primary endpoint was the change in cough symptom scores from baseline. Secondary endpoints include changes in cough severity score, quality of life, adherence, and adverse events.ResultsA total of 154 subjects were randomized and included in the analysis. The mean change of total cough symptom score of the spray group at the end of treatment was −4.7 (1.54) compared to −4.2 (1.62) in the solution group (P = 0.0005). The mean change of cough severity score was −5.7 (2.09) in the spray group compared to −5.2(2.04) in the solution group (P = 0.012). Quality of life scores significantly improved in the spray group (P

BackgroundSince the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), public's awareness of infection prevention and control has increased overall, and various prevention and control measures have been adopted. These measures may also have a certain impact on the occurrence of other infectious diseases. Therefore, we collected information on children with several respiratory infectious diseases in Jinan Children's Hospital in China from 2016 to 2022 and analyzed their changes.MethodWe collected data on age, sex and number of cases of pertussis, measles, scarlet fever, pulmonary tuberculosis, mumps and influenza, which were diagnosed by clinical and laboratory criteria, from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2022 in Jinan Children's Hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Data on the number of people affected by these diseases in China from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were compared. Then, we processed the data by using WPS Excel 2019 and SPSS.ResultsA total of 12,225 cases were included in this study in Jinan Children's Hospital, which consisted of 3,688 cases of pertussis (2,200 cases before COVID-19 and 1,488 during COVID-19), 680 cases of measles (650 cases before COVID-19 and 30 during COVID-19), 4,688 cases of scarlet fever (4,001 cases before COVID-19 and 687 during COVID-19), 114 cases of tuberculosis (86 cases before COVID-19 and 28 during COVID-19), 449 cases of mumps (340 cases before COVID-19 and 109 during COVID-19) and 2,606 cases of influenza (1,051 cases before COVID-19 and 1,555 during COVID-19). The numbers of children in the hospital with pertussis, measles, scarlet fever, mumps and influenza decreased substantially during COVID-19 in 2020–2022 compared with numbers in 2016–2019, while numbers of patients in China with all six respiratory infectious diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis, declined during the pandemic. A rebound of pertussis, scarlet fever and influenza was observed in 2021 and 2022.ConclusionsThe study found that viral pathogens such as those causing measles, mumps and influenza all decreased during the pandemic, after which influenza rebounded. Infection diseases caused by bacteria such as scarlet fever and pertussis also decreased during COVID-19, and then a rebound occurred. However, tuberculosis stayed relatively constant.

ObjectivesTo obtain the normal values of fractional concentration of nasal nitric oxide in Chinese children aged 6–18 years, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis.Methods2,580 out of 3,200 children (1,359 males and 1,221 females), whom were included from 12 centers around China were taken tests, their height and weight were also recorded. Data were used to analyze the normal range and influencing factors of fractional concentration of nasal nitric oxide values.MeasurementsData was measured using the Nano Coulomb Breath Analyzer (Sunvou-CA2122, Wuxi, China), according to the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) recommendations.Main ResultsWe calculated the normal range and prediction equation of fractional concentration of nasal nitric oxide values in Chinese children aged 6–18 years. The mean FnNO values of Chinese aged 6–18 yrs was 454.5 ± 176.2 ppb, and 95% of them were in the range of 134.5–844.0 ppb. The prediction rule of FnNO values for Chinese children aged 6–11 yrs was: FnNO = 298.881 + 17.974 × age. And for children aged 12–18 yrs was: FnNO = 579.222–30.332 × (male = 0, female = 1)—5.503 × age.ConclusionsSex and age were two significant predictors of FnNO values for Chinese children(aged 12–18 yrs). Hopefully this study can provide some reference value for clinical diagnosis in children.