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Introduction: Food insecurity (FI) is a public health problem affecting many regions of the world. In Venezuela, the political, social and economic situation experienced since 2010 has caused a mass migration of its population to other countries, including Peru, which, in turn, may have limited access to and availability of food leading to a high nutritional burden in this population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and analyze the determinants of FI in the households of Venezuelan immigrants in Peru., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the "Encuesta Dirigida a la Población Venezolana que Reside en el País" (ENPOVE 2022). The dependent variable was moderate-severe FI (yes/no), which was constructed from an eight-item Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) to measure FI at the household level. Poisson log generalized linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between the independent variables and FI. In addition, the reliability of the FIES as a tool for measuring food insecurity in the target population was determined., Results: A total of 3,491 households with Venezuelan migrants and refugees were included in the analysis. We found that 39.0% of Venezuelan immigrant households in Peru experienced moderate-severe FI. The determinants of FI included socio-demographic characteristics of the household head, and economic and geographical characteristics of the household. Regarding the FIES, we found that the inclusion of 7 of the 8 items had adequate internal consistency and its items assessed the same latent range., Discussion: This study highlights the need to identify determinants associated with FI to design strategies that mitigate the consequences of health crises and strengthen regional food systems, making them more sustainable. Although several studies have evaluated the prevalence of FI in Venezuelan migrant populations in other countries, this study is the first to evaluate the determinants of FI in Venezuelan immigrant households in Peru., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Hernández-Vásquez, Vargas-Fernández, Visconti-Lopez and Aparco.)

Introduction: Although Latin America and the Caribbean have one of the highest prevalences of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), the countries in this region have socioeconomic determinants that influence the frequency of this practice and do not allow achieving the 70% target recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, the objective of the study was to examine the socioeconomic determinants and perform a decomposition analysis of socioeconomic inequalities in EBF in Peruvian children 6 to 59 months of age., Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using the 2021 Demographic and Family Health Survey. The dependent variable for the study was EBF up to 6 months of age and the wealth index variable was used to perform the inequality analysis. Poisson log generalized linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between EBF and the independent variables, and concentration curves and Erreygers concentration index decomposition were used to analyze inequalities in EBF., Results: A total of 9926 surveyed participants were included. The prevalence of EBF was 70.5% (95% confidence interval: 69.2-71.8). Women who were married, self-identified as native, received EBF training, resided in the highlands and jungle, and their child was the second or older showed a higher likelihood of EBF. In the inequality analysis, EBF was concentrated among the poorest mothers and the major contributors were residing in the highlands and jungle and belonging to the middle and wealthy quintiles., Discussion: Our findings suggest that the main strategies to encourage the practice of EBF should be focused on all mothers regardless of their socioeconomic status in order to reduce the EBF gap between richer and poorer women., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hernández-Vásquez and Vargas-Fernández.)