1. Nasal Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Tight Junctions Disruption in Allergic Rhinitis: Overview and Pathogenic Insights.
- Author
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Nur Husna SM, Tan HT, Md Shukri N, Mohd Ashari NS, and Wong KK
- Subjects
- Allergens immunology, Animals, Biomarkers, Cytokines genetics, Cytokines metabolism, Environment, Epigenomics, Gene Expression, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lymphocytes immunology, Lymphocytes metabolism, Nasal Mucosa immunology, Nasal Mucosa pathology, Neuroimmunomodulation, Rhinitis, Allergic pathology, Tight Junctions pathology, Disease Susceptibility, Nasal Mucosa metabolism, Rhinitis, Allergic etiology, Rhinitis, Allergic metabolism, Tight Junctions metabolism
- Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder affecting up to 40% of the population worldwide and it usually persists throughout life. Nasal epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of defense against invasion of harmful pathogens or aeroallergens. Cell junctions comprising of tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes form the nasal epithelial barrier. Impairment of TJ molecules plays causative roles in the pathogenesis of AR. In this review, we describe and discuss the components of TJs and their disruption leading to development of AR, as well as regulation of TJs expression by epigenetic changes, neuro-immune interaction, epithelial-derived cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25 and IL-33), T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13) and innate lymphoid cells. These growing evidence support the development of novel therapeutic approaches to restore nasal epithelial TJs expression in AR patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Nur Husna, Tan, Md Shukri, Mohd Ashari and Wong.)
- Published
- 2021
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