1. β-Arrestin1 and β-Arrestin2 Are Required to Support the Activity of the CXCL12/HMGB1 Heterocomplex on CXCR4
- Author
-
Gianluca D’Agostino, Marc Artinger, Massimo Locati, Laurent Perez, Daniel F. Legler, Marco E. Bianchi, Curzio Rüegg, Marcus Thelen, Adriano Marchese, Marco B. L. Rocchi, Valentina Cecchinato, Mariagrazia Uguccioni, D’Agostino, Gianluca, Artinger, Marc, Locati, Massimo, Perez, Laurent, Legler, Daniel F., Bianchi, Marco E., Rüegg, Curzio, Thelen, Marcu, Marchese, Adriano, Rocchi, Marco B. L., Cecchinato, Valentina, and Uguccioni, Mariagrazia
- Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,0301 basic medicine ,Receptors, CXCR4 ,CXCL12 ,CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex ,CXCR4 ,HMGB1 ,cell migration ,β-arrestin ,Chemokine ,G protein ,Immunology ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chemokine receptor ,0302 clinical medicine ,ddc:570 ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,HMGB1 Protein ,Receptor ,Original Research ,Gene Editing ,biology ,Chemistry ,Chemotaxis ,Cell migration ,beta-Arrestin 2 ,Actins ,Chemokine CXCL12 ,biological factors ,Cell biology ,Protein Transport ,beta-Arrestin 1 ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Multiprotein Complexes ,biology.protein ,Arrestin beta 2 ,cell migration, CXCR4, CXCL12, HMGB1, b-arrestin, CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Protein Multimerization ,Signal transduction ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,HeLa Cells ,Protein Binding ,030215 immunology - Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a fundamental role in homeostasis and pathology by orchestrating recruitment and positioning of immune cells, under the guidance of a CXCL12 gradient. The ability of chemokines to form heterocomplexes, enhancing their function, represents an additional level of regulation on their cognate receptors. In particular, the multi-faceted activity of the heterocomplex formed between CXCL12 and the alarmin HMGB1 is emerging as an unexpected player able to modulate a variety of cell responses, spanning from tissue regeneration to chronic inflammation. Nowadays, little is known on the selective signaling pathways activated when CXCR4 is triggered by the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex. In the present work, we demonstrate that this heterocomplex acts as a CXCR4 balanced agonist, activating both G protein and β-arrestins-mediated signaling pathways to sustain chemotaxis. We generated β-arrestins knock out HeLa cells by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and show that the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex-mediated actin polymerization is primarily β-arrestin1 dependent, while chemotaxis requires both β- arrestin1 and β-arrestin2. Triggering of CXCR4 with the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex leads to an unexpected receptor retention on the cell surface, which depends on β-arrestin2. In conclusion, the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex engages the β-arrestin proteins differently from CXCL12, promoting a prompt availability of CXCR4 on the cell surface, and enhancing directional cell migration. These data unveil the signaling induced by the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex in view of identifying biased CXCR4 antagonists or agonists targeting the variety of functions it exerts.
- Published
- 2020