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Background: There is a crosstalk between gut microbiota (GM) and cancer immunotherapy (CI). The purpose of this study is to use bibliometric analysis to identify the highly cited papers relating to GM/CI and explore the research status and development trends of the GM/CI research. Methods: A literature search regarding GM/CI publications from 2012 to 2021 was undertaken on July 4, 2022. The article titles, journals, authors, institutions, countries, total citations, keywords, and other information were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The Bibliometrix of R package and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 665 papers were extracted. The number of papers has increased rapidly over the past decade, especially after 2018. The United States and China had the most publications and made great contributions to this field. Th5e Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr and Univ Paris Saclay were absolutely in the leading position in GM/CI. The most influential authors were Zitvogel L and Routy B. Frontiers in Immunology had the most publications and Science had the most total citations. Historical direct citation analysis explained the historical evolution in GM/CI. Highly cited papers and high-frequency keywords illustrated the current status and trends of GM/CI. Four clusters were identified and the important topics included the role of GM and antibiotics in CI, the methods of targeting GM to improve CI outcomes, the mechanism by which GM affects CI and the application of ICIs in melanoma. "Tumor microbiome", "proton pump inhibitors" and "prognosis" may be the new focus of attention in the next few years. Conclusion: This study filtered global publications on GM/CI correlation and analyzed their bibliometric characteristics, identified the most cited papers in GM/CI, and gained insight into the status, hotspots and trends of global GM/CI research, which may inform researchers and practitioners of future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is essential in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a fatal clinical syndrome that deteriorated from acute lung injury (ALI). This bibliometric study aims to offer a thorough insight into the scientific output about NLRP3 inflammasome in ALI/ARDS and explore the intellectual base, developing trajectory and emerging trends. Methods: We retrieved the literature from 2010 to 2021 from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database. Bibliometrix (3.1.4) R package and CiteSpace (5.8.R3) were used for further analysis and visualization. Results: A total of 508 English articles and reviews published from 2010 to 2021 were identified. The annual number of publications presented a rapidly developing trend especially in recent years. Among all the 42 countries, China was the most productive and most cited country, while the USA had the greatest impact. Peter A. Ward from the USA was the most productive corresponding author, and 4 of these top 10 corresponding authors were from China. The most cited reference was written by Ahmed (2017) of Zhejiang University in China. The Journal of Immunology had highest citation count and G-index. Furthermore, the major disciplines of research front have drifted from "Medicine, Medical, Clinical" to "Molecular, Biology, Immunology" over the past 12 years. In the co-occurring network, the terms "acute lung injury," "NLRP3 inflammasome," "interleukin-1β," "NF-kB," and "NLRP3 activation" occurred most frequently, while in burst detection, "oxidative stress" had the highest burst strength. Co-citation network revealed that Cluster 2 "virus infection" was the most active area, including the most citation bursts. Cluster 0 "severe COVID-19" and Cluster 1 "dual inhibitor PTUPB" were emerging themes in recent years, and they involved the largest number of publications. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis revealed a rapid growth trend of the relatively novel topic: NLRP3 inflammasome in ALI/ARDS. China was the largest contributor, while the USA offered the most landmark papers. The major disciplines of research front drifted from "Medicine, Medical, Clinical" to "Molecular, Biology, Immunology." In recent years, studies about the role of NLRP3 in COVID-19-associated ALI/ARDS and oxidative stress became hot spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) are key components of the innate immune system. This study aims to evaluate the research of cGAS-STING pathway and predict the hotspots and developing trends in this field using bibliometric analysis. Methods: We retrieved publications from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-expanded) of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) in 1975-2021 on 16 March 2022. We examined the retrieved data by bibliometrix package in R software, VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for visualizing the trends and hotspots of research on the cGAS-STING pathway. Results: We identified 1047 original articles and reviews on the cGAS-STING pathway published between 1975 and 2021. Before 2016, the publication trend was increasing steadily, but there was a significant increase after 2016. The United States of America (USA) produced the highest number of papers (Np) and took the highest number of citations (Nc), followed by China and Germany. The University of Texas System and Frontiers in Immunology were the most prolific affiliation and journal respectively. In addition, collaboration network analysis showed that there were tight collaborations among the USA, China and some European countries, so the top 10 affiliations were all from these countries and regions. The paper published by Sun LJ in 2013 reached the highest local citation score (LCS). Keywords co-occurrence and co-citation cluster analysis revealed that inflammation, senescence, and tumor were popular terms related to the cGAS-STING pathway recently. Keywords burst detection suggested that STING-dependent innate immunity and NF-κB-dependent broad antiviral response were newly-emerged hotspots in this area. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis shows that publications related to the cGAS-STING pathway tend to increase continuously. The research focus has shifted from the mechanism how cGAS senses dsDNA and cGAMP binds to STING to the roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in different pathological state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important research value and broad application prospects in liver diseases. This study aims to comprehensively review the cooperation and influence of countries, institutions, authors, and journals in the field of MSCs in liver diseases from the perspective of bibliometrics, evaluate the clustering evolution of knowledge structure, and discover hot trends and emerging topics. Methods: The articles and reviews related to MSCs in liver diseases were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using Topic Search. A bibliometric study was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results: A total of 3404 articles and reviews were included over the period 2001-2021. The number of articles regarding MSCs in liver diseases showed an increasing trend. These publications mainly come from 3251 institutions in 113 countries led by China and the USA. Li L published the most papers among the publications, while Pittenger MF had the most co-citations. Analysis of the most productive journals shows that most are specialized in medical research, experimental medicine and cell biology, and cell & tissue engineering. The macroscopical sketch and micro-representation of the whole knowledge field are realized through co-citation analysis. Liver scaffold, MSC therapy, extracellular vesicle, and others are current and developing areas of the study. The keywords "machine perfusion", "liver transplantation", and "microRNAs" also may be the focus of new trends and future research. Conclusions: In this study, bibliometrics and visual methods were used to review the research of MSCs in liver diseases comprehensively. This paper will help scholars better understand the dynamic evolution of the application of MSCs in liver diseases and point out the direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world, many studies on innate immunity in COVID-19 have been published, and great progress has been achieved, while bibliometric analysis on hotspots and research trends in this field remains lacking. Methods: On 17 November 2022, articles and reviews on innate immunity in COVID-19 were recruited from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database after papers irrelevant to COVID-19 were further excluded. The number of annual publications and the average citations per paper were analyzed by Microsoft Excel. Bibliometric analysis and visualization of the most prolific contributors and hotspots in the field were performed by VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. Results: There were 1,280 publications that met the search strategy on innate immunity in COVID-19 and were published from 1 January 2020 to 31 October 2022. Nine hundred thirteen articles and reviews were included in the final analysis. The USA had the highest number of publications (Np) at 276 and number of citations without self-citations (Nc) at 7,085, as well as an H-index of 42, which contributed 30.23% of the total publications, followed by China (Np: 135, Nc: 4,798, and H-index: 23) with 14.79% contribution. Regarding Np for authors, Netea, Mihai G. (Np: 7) from the Netherlands was the most productive author, followed by Joosten, Leo A. B. (Np: 6) and Lu, Kuo-Cheng (Np: 6). The Udice French Research Universities had the most publications (Np: 31, Nc: 2,071, H-index: 13), with an average citation number (ACN) at 67. The journal Frontiers in Immunology possessed the most publications (Np: 89, Nc: 1,097, ACN: 12.52). “Evasion” (strength 1.76, 2021-2022), “neutralizing antibody” (strength 1.76, 2021-2022), “messenger RNA” (strength 1.76, 2021-2022), “mitochondrial DNA” (strength 1.51, 2021-2022), “respiratory infection” (strength 1.51, 2021-2022), and “toll-like receptors” (strength 1.51, 2021-2022) were the emerging keywords in this field. Conclusion: The study on innate immunity in COVID-19 is a hot topic. The USA was the most productive and influential country in this field, followed by China. The journal with the most publications was Frontiers in Immunology. “Messenger RNA,” “mitochondrial DNA,” and “toll-like receptors” are the current hotspots and potential targets in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Macrophages play a pivotal role in the research landscape of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), contributing significantly to understanding tumor progression, treatment resistance, and immunotherapy efficacy. In this study, we utilized bibliometric techniques to analyze shifts in research hotspots and trends within the field, while also forecasting future research directions. These insights aim to offer guidance for both clinical therapeutic interventions and foundational scientific inquiries. Methods: All publications were released between 1993 and 2023 and focus on research pertaining to macrophages in the field of NSCLC. The articles were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed using VOSviewer 1.6.19, CiteSpace 6.2.R2, and Scimago Graphica 1.0.35. Result: A total of 361 articles authored by 3,072 researchers from 48 countries were included in the analysis. TAMs have gained increasing attention for their role in NSCLC development and as potential therapeutic targets. Modulating TAM behavior may offer avenues to suppress tumor growth and drug resistance, improving patient outcomes. International collaboration, particularly between China and the United States, accelerates progress in NSCLC research, benefiting patients worldwide. The research hotspot revolves around understanding the role of macrophages in immunotherapy, focusing on their contribution to tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and potential as therapeutic targets in NSCLC. Conclusions: The therapeutic significance of macrophages in the field of NSCLC is gaining increasing attention and recognition, highlighting their potential as key players in the development of novel treatment strategies. Future research will focus on understanding TAM molecular mechanisms, interactions with immune cells, and exploring novel therapies, with the aim of improving NSCLC treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Necroptosis, a recently discovered programmed cell death, has been pathologically linked to various diseases and is thus a promising target for treating diseases. However, a comprehensive and objective report on the current status of entire necroptosis research is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to quantify and identify the status quo and trending issues of necroptosis research in the last decade. Methods: Articles were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We used two bibliometric tools (CiteSpace and VOSviewer) to quantify and identify the individual impact and cooperation information by analyzing annual publications, journals, co-cited journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, and co-cited authors. Afterwards, we identified the trending research areas of necroptosis by analyzing the co-occurrence and burst of keywords and co-cited references. Results: From 2012 to 2021, a total of 3,111 research articles on necroptosis were published in 786 academic journals by 19,687 authors in 885 institutions from 82 countries/regions. The majority of publications were from China and the United States, of which the United States maintained the dominant position in necroptosis research; meanwhile, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ghent University were the most active institutions. Peter Vandenabeele published the most papers, while Alexei Degterev had the most co-citations. Cell Death & Disease published the most papers on necroptosis, while Cell was the top 1 co-cited journal, and the major area of these publications was molecular, biology, and immunology. High-frequency keywords mainly included those that are molecularly related (MLKL, TNF-alpha, NF-κB, RIPK3, RIPK1), pathological process related (cell-death, apoptosis, necroptosis, necrosis, inflammation), and disease related (cancer, ischemia/reperfusion injury, infection, carcinoma, Alzheimer's disease). Conclusion: Necroptosis research had a stable stepwise growth in the past decade. Current necroptosis studies focused on its cross-talk with other types of cell death, potential applications in disease treatment, and further mechanisms. Among them, the synergy with ferroptosis, further RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL studies, its association with inflammation and oxidative stress and translational applications, and the therapeutic potential to treat cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are the trending research area. These might provide ideas for further research in the necroptosis field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the discovery of the immunomodulatory functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), their application in immunomodulation has attracted considerable attention, and an increasing number of studies have been conducted worldwide. Our research aimed to investigate the global status and trends in this field., Methods: Publications on the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs from 1 January 2000 to 7 March 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. The data were studied and indexed using the bibliometric methodology. Visualization analysis, co-authorship, co-occurrence analysis, and publication trends in MSC immunomodulation were conducted using the VOSviewer software., Results: In total, 4,227 papers were included in the study. The number of publications and research interests has significantly increased globally. China published the highest number of related articles, while the US published articles with the highest number of citations. Stem Cell Research & Therapy had the highest number of publications. Sun Yat-sen University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Harvard University, and Seoul National University were the most contributive institutions. Furthermore, the studies were divided into four research hotspots for MSC immunomodulation: MSC immunomodulation in regenerative medicine, the effects and mechanisms of MSC immunomodulation, MSC therapy for immune diseases, and the cell source of MSCs., Conclusion: This study indicates that the number of publications on MSC immunomodulation will increase in the future, and MSC immunomodulation mechanisms and clinical applications of MSC immunotherapy should be the next hotspots in this research field., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wang, Sun, Shen, Tang, Xu, Zhang and Liu.)

Background: Kidney transplantation is considered the most effective treatment for end-stage renal failure. Recent studies have shown that the significance of the immune microenvironment after kidney transplantation in determining prognosis of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to provide an overview of the knowledge structure and research trends regarding the immune microenvironment and survival in kidney transplantation. Methods: Our search included relevant publications from 2013 to 2023 retrieved from the Web of Science core repository and finally included 865 articles. To perform the bibliometric analysis, we utilized tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix". The analysis focused on various aspects, including country, author, year, topic, reference, and keyword clustering. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 865 articles were found, with a trend of steady increase. China and the United States were the countries with the most publications. Nanjing Medical University was the most productive institution. High-frequency keywords were clustered into 6 areas, including kidney transplantation, transforming growth factor β, macrophage, antibodymediated rejection, necrosis factor alpha, and dysfunction. Antibody mediated rejection (2019-2023) was the main area of research in recent years. Conclusion: This groundbreaking bibliometric study comprehensively summarizes the research trends and advances related to the immune microenvironment and survival after kidney transplantation. It identifies recent frontiers of research and highlights promising directions for future studies, potentially offering fresh perspectives to scholars in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: ILCs play important roles in the brain, gut, and lungs. Researchers are attempting to establish a research framework on the brain-gut-lung axis using ILCs. However, no one has yet conducted a bibliometric analysis to summarize the findings. In this study, we utilized bibliometrics to analyze the emerging trends and focal areas of ILCs in the brain, intestine, and lung. We aim to provide references for future research on the brain-gut-lung axis. Methods: To conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on ILCs in the fields of brain, intestine, and lung, we utilized software such as HistCite, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Our analysis focused on various aspects, including the number of publications, countries, authors, journals, co-cited documents, and keywords. This approach allowed us to gain valuable insights into the research landscape surrounding ILCs in these specific fields. Results: A total of 8411 articles or reviews on ILCs in the fields of brain, intestine, and lung were included. The number of published articles has shown a consistent upward trend since 2003. A total of 45279 authors from 99 countries have contributed to these articles. The United States has the highest number of publications (n=3044) and the most cited articles (TGCS=210776). The top three published authors in this field are David Artis, Marco Colonna and Andrew NJ McKenzie. The journal Immunity is the most authoritative choice for researchers. The main research focuses in this field include NK cell, ILC2, tumor immunity, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, airway inflammation, RORgT, and immunotherapy. In recent years, cancer and tumor microenvironment have emerged as hot keywords, particularly immunotherapy, PD-1 related directions, indicating a potential shift in research focus. Conclusion: European and American countries have been pivotal in conducting research on ILCs, while China has produced a significant number of publications, its impact is still limited. Tumors are likely to emerge as the next focal points in this field. The connection and regulation between the brain and the lung are not yet fully understood, and further investigation is necessary to explore the role of ILCs in the brain-lung axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Perform a bibliometric analysis on the role of LAG-3 in the domain of cancer, elucidate the prevailing areas of research, and visually depict the evolutionary trajectory and prospective directions of LAG-3 research over the past twenty-three decades. Materials and methods: Between 2000 and 2023, a comprehensive review of scholarly articles pertaining to LAG-3 research in the context of cancer was carried out using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis can be conducted by taking advantage of VOSviewer (version 1.6.16) and CiteSpace (version 6.2.R4). Create a network diagram to visually represent various authors, countries, and organizations while assessing the publishing years, journals, references, and keywords. Results: In conclusion, 1841 records were identified and published in 587 publications. These records were authored by 12,849 individuals affiliated with 2491 institutes across 74 countries. There has been a substantial surge in publications subsequent to 2013. The USA, China, and Germany gave the majority of records, amounting to 69.69%. American institutions actively engage in collaboration with institutions located in other countries. Triebel, F., Vignali, Dario A. A., Workman, Creg J. Drake, Charles G., and Elkord, Eyad are highly regarded authors in their respective fields. However, it is worth noting that Triebel exhibits limited collaboration with other writers. The examination of the role of LAG-3 in cancer and its potential for use in clinical settings is a discernible trend, as seen by keyword analysis. Conclusion: The scientific interest in and attention towards LAG-3 has experienced a significant rise since 2013. The United States is leading the way, with China following closely behind. Promoting collaboration among writers, nations, and institutions with varied backgrounds is imperative. The discipline of immunotherapy is currently seeing ongoing progress. A thorough investigation of the distinctive cis ligand TCR-CD3 complex of LAG-3 and its signal transduction mechanism is necessary. Additionally, it is worthwhile to explore novel combinations of LAG-3 therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that currently has an unknown cause and pathogenesis, and is associated with many complications and a high disability rate. The neutrophil extracellular trap network (NETs) is a newly discovered mechanism that allows neutrophils to capture and kill pathogens. Multiple studies in recent years have highlighted its relevance to the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the growing number of studies indicating the crucial role of NETs in RA, there has been no bibliometric review of research hotspots and trends in this area. In this study, we retrieved articles related to NETs in RA from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 1985 to 2023 and used visualization tools such as Citespace, VOSviewer, Tableau Public, and Microsoft Office Excel 2021 to analyze the data. After screening, we included a total of 416 publications involving 2,334 researchers from 1,357 institutions in 167 countries/regions, with relevant articles published in 219 journals. The U.S., China, and Germany are the top 3 countries/regions with 124, 57, and 37 publications respectively. Mariana J. Kaplan is the most published author, and journals such as Frontiers in Immunology and International Journal of Molecular Sciences have had a significant impact on research in this field. The clinical application of PAD enzymes and their inhibitors, and the drug development of NETs as therapeutic targets for RA is a trend for future research. Our study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and summary of NETs in RA publications, which will aid researchers in conducting further scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to joint deformity and loss of function. Recent studies have shown great progress in the research of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in RA. However, thus far, there have been no bibliometric or visualization analyses in this field. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the general information and research hotspots of MSCs and RA. Methods: Articles relevant to MSCs and RA, published between 2012 and 2021, were searched using the Web of Science Core Collection database. Irrelevant publications were excluded from the analysis. Bibliometric and visualization analyses were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica. Results: A total of 577 articles were analyzed. The annual number of publications increased from 2012 to 2017 and plateaued from 2017 to 2021. China and the USA had the largest number of publications. Collaboration among different organizations mainly occurs between institutes of the same country. Stem Cell Research and Therapy and Frontiers in Immunology were the most popular journals in this field. All the top 20 co-cited authors had a positive co-citation relationship. The top references indicate that MSCs can contribute to RA research and treatment mainly via immunomodulation. From 2012 to 2021, "collagen-induced arthritis," "immunomodulation," and "therapy" were some of the keywords associated with MSCs and RA, while "extracellular vesicles" showed a strong keyword burst from 2019 to 2021. Conclusion: MSCs and RA have been widely studied in different countries and institutions and by different authors over the last ten years. China and the USA had the largest number of publications. Different types of journals provide admirable sources for researchers. Some keywords, including immunomodulation and extracellular vesicles, may be hot spots in the near future. There will be more basic research and clinical translation of MSCs and RA, and substantial new treatments for RA will soon be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pyroptosis is a new programmed cell death discovered in recent years. Pyroptosis plays an important role in various diseases. Nevertheless, there are few bibliometric analysis systematically studies this field. We aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends of pyroptosis using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research. Methods: The articles and reviews regarding pyroptosis were culled from Web of Science Core Collection. Countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords in this field were visually analyzed by using CtieSpace and VOSviewer software. Results: A total of 2845 articles and reviews were included. The number of articles regarding pyroptosis significantly increased yearly. These publications mainly come from 70 countries led by China and the USA and 418 institutions. We identified 605 authors, among which Thirumaladevi Kanneganti had the most significant number of articles, and Shi JJ was co-cited most often. Frontiers in immunology was the journal with the most studies, and Nature was the most commonly cited journal. After analysis, the most common keywords are nod like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, apoptosis, cell death, gasdermin D, mechanism, caspase-1, and others are current and developing areas of study. Conclusion: Research on the pyroptosis is flourishing. Cooperation and exchanges between countries and institutions must be strengthened in the future. The related pathway mechanism of pyroptosis, the relationship between pyroptosis and other types of programmed cell deaths as well as the role of pyroptosis in various diseases have been the focus of current research and developmental trends in the future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]