1. Urban PM2.5 activates GAPDH and induces RBC damage in COPD patients.
- Author
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Montoya-Estrada A, Torres-Ramos YD, Flores-Pliego A, Ramirez-Venegas A, Ceballos-Reyes GM, Guzman-Grenfell AM, and Hicks JJ
- Subjects
- Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression, Enzyme Activation, Erythrocyte Membrane drug effects, Erythrocyte Membrane enzymology, Erythrocyte Membrane metabolism, Erythrocytes metabolism, Glutathione Peroxidase blood, Glutathione Reductase blood, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases blood, Hemolysis, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Particle Size, Particulate Matter blood, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Urban Population, Erythrocytes drug effects, Erythrocytes enzymology, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases metabolism, Particulate Matter toxicity, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive blood, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive enzymology
- Abstract
During Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) progression, the intracellular antioxidant defence in RBCs must preserve the integrity of the plasmalemma through NADPH+ generation to obtain a sufficient number of reduced non-protein SH-groups. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes in RBCs that are related to glutathione metabolism under conditions of increasing oxidative stress, which are associated with COPD progression, by increasing cellular damage in vitro with PM2.5, a ROS generator. The study included 43 patients, who were separated according to their GOLD classification into moderate and severe groups, along with 11 healthy volunteers (HV). Blood samples were analysed for G6PD, GAPDH, GPx, and GR. The results showed significant decreases in the oxidation of the G6PD, GR and GPx proteins, resulting in decreased enzymatic activity. By contrast, an increase (p<0.05) in GAPDH was observed, suggesting a pool of ATP on the membrane. However, it is evident that RBCs are damaged during the progression of COPD, although their integrity is preserved, and they retain limited function, thus allowing patient survival without haemolysis.
- Published
- 2013
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