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This study was carried out to reveal the effects of drying some alfalfa varieties using various drying methods on their nutrient composition. To this end, four drying methods (drying in the sun, shade, oven and microwave) were implemented on sixteen alfalfa varieties (Alsancak, Verdor, Gea, Gözlü 1, Özpinar, Bilensoy, Kayseri, Omerbey, Magnum, Nimet, Sunter, Verko, Magma 601, Elçi, Savaş and Başbağ). The crude protein, crude ash, ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), DDM (digestible dry matter), DMI (dry matter intake), and RFV (relative feed value) levels of the dried alfalfa varieties were measured. According to the results, differences in the mean values in terms of alfalfa varieties, drying methods and the interaction between the variety and the drying method were found to be significant (P<0.01). The levels of crude protein, crude ash, ADF, DDM and RFV were significantly affected by the variety factor and the drying methods that were used (P<0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional characteristics of the feeds should be determined to meet there quirements of animals. The current experiment was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value, gas and methane production of Astragalus argaeus plants harvested at three different maturity stages. Maturity stage had a significant effect on chemical composition, gas and methane production, metabolisable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and mineral content. Neutral detergent fiber (40.30-52.32%) and acid detergent fiber (21.61-32.59%) contents increased with the progress of maturity, whereas crude protein (15.52-1 2.42%), condensed tannin (0 .39-0.07%), ether extract (1.44-1.07%) and crude ash (19.47-10.75%) contents decreased. The gas ( 42.10-27.75 ml) and methane (6.93-4.36 ml) production at 24 h incubation, metabolisable energy (8.81-6.52 MJ/kg DM) and organic matter digestibility (60.98- 44.82%) decreased with the progress of maturity. Maturity stages did not have any significant effects on Co contents. The highest Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg and K contents were obtained from pre-flowering stage whereas the highest Cd and Ca content was obtained from seeding stage. Co and Ni contents of Astragalus argaeus hay were above the toxic threshold levels and other element contents were below. The potential nutritive value of Astragalus argaeus hay decreased with increased maturity but it appears that Astragalus argaeus plant could be grazed as a reliable feed source for ruminants during summer in steppes provided that special attention is paid to heavy metal content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physiological characteristics should be defined for better assessment of plant growth and development. Such characteristics play a significant role in finding out optimum intervention time. Vetch is commonly used in animal feeding. Therefore, it is quite significant to work on vetch yield and quality. Vetch constitutes about 10% of feed crop production of Turkey. Therefore, vetch cultivars and lines were used and physiological characteristics of Nar- bon vetch (Vicia norbonensis L.) plants were determined. Leaf area index, leaf area ratio, relative leaf growth ratio, relative growth ratio, net assimilation ratio and plant growth ratio were determined. Present findings revealed that leaf area index was a significant parameter for growth and development of all genotypes. Leaf area ratio and net assimilation ratio were also identified as the other effective physiological factors. Leaf growth ratio did not have significant effects. Correlations of dry matter yield with physiological characteristics revealed that leaf area index was significant in all parameters and it was followed by leaf growth ratio. Present findings revealed that Narbon vetch genotypes had significant differences in their physiological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to assess yield, yield components and chemical composition of springsown grasspea genotypes through GT biplot analysis. For this purpose, 31 different grasspea genotypes were grown for two years (2014 and 2015) in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Plants were harvested at flowering period, yields were determined and chemical analyses were performed. Present findings revealed positive correlations between ADF and NDF, among DMD, DMI and RFV values and among crude protein yield, green herbage yield, dry matter yield, number of side branches and natural plant height. While making selections for yield parameters, plant height, number of branches and stem diameter should be taken into consideration. Since grasspea genotypes had different responses to climate changes, plants should be tested at different climate and soil conditions. The genotypes 563, Hat 15, Hat 6, Hat 12, IFLS 491 and 481 were found to be prominent with their crude protein yields, green and dry herbage yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to determine an energy use efficiency of maize production during the production season of 2015 in Bingol province of Turkey. The data collected has been analyzed for the energy of maize production. The energy input in maize production have been calculated as 28504.54 MJ ha-1. The energy output in maize production have been calculated as 120640.28 MJ ha-1. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy values related to maize production have been determined as 4.23, 4.80 MJ kg-1, 0.21 kg MJ-1 and 92135.74 MJ ha-1, respectively. The consumed total energy input in maize production could be classified as 49.99% direct, 50.01 indirect, 34.16% renewable and 65.84% non-renewable. As evaluated results, maize production is a profitable production in terms of energy usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate oil content and fatty acid composition of Turkish local sorghum genotypes with GGT biplot analysis method. Seed fatty acids composition and oil content of 84 sorghum genotypes were analyzed by gas chromatography of the methyl esters of their fatty acids. Investigated plants exhibited different saturated and unsaturated fatty acid concentrations. The major fatty acids were identified as linoleic acid (18.40-49.08%), linolenic acid (0.89-5.36%), oleic acid (27.15-60.85%), palmitic acid (8.82-22.56%) and stearic acid (1.06-11.18%). All genotypes had higher total unsaturated fatty acid (TUSFA) (71.51-89.12%) contents than total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) (10.88-28.49%) contents. The highest TUSFA content was detected in L47 genotype (89.12%) and the lowest in L42 genotype (71.51%). Palmitic and stearic acid were identified as the major saturated fatty acids; while oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were identified as the major unsaturated fatty acids. GGT biplot analysis was used for visual assessment of fatty acid composition. The GGT biplot graph presented the relationships among the characters, identified positively or negatively related characters, allowed the visual assessment of landrace characters (strongweak) and proper selections. GGT biplot for the separation of landraces was created with oleic and linoleic acids with the longest vector. The ideal characteristics in identification of landraces were identified as palmitic and linolenic acids. The ideal genotypes were identified as L14, L42 and L23. It was concluded that several sorghum landraces of the present study could be used as the source material in further breeding studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the study is to determine the effects of different liquid-manure doses and manure-chemical fertilizer combinations on yield and quality parameters of silage corn grown as second crop after vetch + barley combination. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 4 replications during the years 2010 and 2011 in Turkey. Totally, 12 treatments consisting of different doses of liquid manure alone and combinations of liquid manure with chemical fertilizers were tested in the experiment. Two year average indicated that green herbage yield, plant height, plant diameter, cob ratio, stem ratio, crude protein ratio, NDF and ADF ratios varied between 35396.7-44610.0 kg ha-1; 193.13-237.07 cm; 13.25-17.30 mm; 30.52-33.75 %; 20.20-24.61 %; 42.45-49.05 %; 3.96-8.46 %; 65.01-69.77 % and 33.51-35.85 %, respectively. Research results showed that 15 ton liquid manure + 30 kg ha-1 chemical nitrogen combination (L1.5N3) had higher green herbage yield (44610.0 kg ha-1) than 120 kg ha-1 chemical nitrogen treatment (N12). However, crude protein ratio of N12 treatment (8.46 %) was higher than L1.5N3 (5.55 %) and the difference between them was found to be significant. The first study on sustainable second crop silage maize production under Central Anatolian highlands conditions demonstrated that chemical nitrogen use can significantly be reduced by using liquid manure as an alternative to chemical fertilizers without any negative effects on soil chemical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]