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One of the most challenging problems facing orthopedic surgeons is persistent pain after surgery and certainly is just as frustrating following hindfoot fusion. The hindfoot joints consist of the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid (CC) joints. These joints are commonly fused for degenerative changes, deformity correction, inflammatory or neuropathic arthropathy, tarsal coalition, or primarily after trauma. Goals of hindfoot fusion are a painless plantigrade foot capable of fitting in shoes without orthotics or a brace. Many believe that deformity correction is achievable without inclusion of the CC joint. Managing patient expectations is important when counseling a patient especially regarding potential complications., Competing Interests: Disclosure J.K. Ellington is a paid consultant for Medshape, Inc., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Hallux rigidus is the most common arthritic malady to afflict the foot. A host of nonoperative measures can alleviate pain, and with failure of conservative treatment, joint preserving and joint sacrificing procedures can be used to treat persistent symptoms. Although arthrodesis is an effective pain-relieving operation, loss of motion at the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint may limit the patient's function and can be an unacceptable solution. Various types of interposition arthroplasty can offer a motion-preserving alternative to arthrodesis., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The preferred surgical approaches to subtalar fusion are the sinus tarsi incision, the medial incision, and the extensile lateral approach. The choice of one over the other depends on the underlying pathology, previous surgeries, associated foot pathologies, soft tissue quality, and medical comorbidities. This article reports on several cases of subtalar joint fusion., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Hammertoe and clawtoe deformities are common forefoot problems. The deformity exists owing to the underlying pathoanatomy. Hallux valgus, longer metatarsals, and intrinsic imbalance are the most common etiologies. Understanding the cause of the deformity is important to be able to successfully treat the condition, whether nonoperative or with operative intervention. When nonoperative measures fail, PIP correction is best obtained through arthroplasty or arthrodesis. The key to successful PIP correction is obtaining a well-aligned toe and reducing pain as demonstrated by Coughlin and Mann.15 When choosing a technique, the author prefers PIP joint arthrodesis because it has several advantages, including a decreased risk of recurrence and a more predictable toe posture. The authors prefers an intramedullary device to avoid the well-known complications of K-wires. The best surgical correction and fixation techniques are still to be determined. Each patient much be evaluated thoroughly and treatment should be tailored to the patient’s deformity, comorbidities, expectations and surgeon’s experience.