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This study aimed to investigate aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in pasteurized, extended shelf life (ESL) and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk in central China in winter and summer, and to assess the risk of exposure to milk AFM1 in 10 different age groups. A total of 547 milk samples were collected in Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces from 2019 to 2020, of which 142 pasteurized milk samples, 68 ESL milk samples and 69 UHT milk samples were collected in summer, and 161 pasteurized milk samples, 79 ESL milk samples and 28 UHT milk samples were collected in winter. The concentrations of AFM1 in these samples were determined by ELISA, with a recovery and relative standard deviation of 95.0–98.6% and 3.31–4.18%, respectively. AFM1 was detected in 431 samples (78.8%) with an average concentration of 19.6 ng/L in positive samples. The AFM1 concentrations in 29 samples (5.3%) were higher than the maximum residue level (MRL) of 50 ng/L set by the EU, but much lower than the value of 500 ng/L set by China. The average concentration of AFM1 (25.4 ng/L) in winter milk was 88.1% higher (p

The objective of this study was to survey the prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw, pasteurized, extended shelf life (ESL) and UHT milk from central-south China. A total of 734 milk samples, comprising raw milk (133 samples), pasteurized milk (410), ESL milk (93) and UHT milk (98), were obtained between Nov. 01, 2018 and Mar. 31, 2019. The AFM1 concentrations in milk samples were detected by ELISA and confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five hundred and ninety samples (80.4%) were positive for AFM1; the mean value was 23.7 ng/L, and the range was 5.1–104.4 ng/L. The percentages of AFM1 positive raw, pasteurized, ESL and UHT milk samples were 75.2, 82.2, 81.7 and 78.6%, respectively. The AFM1 concentration in raw milk was significantly lower (p