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A new method for the drying of beef and chicken meats at low temperatures (4 °C) was developed by using a composite film based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-gum Arabic (SG) with anthocyanins from Cinnamomum camphora fruit peel (ANC.P, 0, 1, 1.5 and 2%). After incorporation of ANC.P into SG, the physicochemical properties, morphological characteristics, melting, molecular, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the resulting dehydration films were improved. Film-dried beef and chicken slices showed higher values of dehydration ratio on day 6 (54.58% and 72.06%, respectively) compared with the control samples without film (4.55% and 7.04%, respectively). Results showed that SG-ANC.P film-dried meats exhibited more stable pH and color, higher rehydration rate, better sensory quality and microbial growth inhibition compared with SG film-dried samples and control samples, in which control samples showed the highest total viable count values (6.02 and 5.16 log CFU/mL for beef and chicken, respectively) during storage.

The effects of guar gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG), carrageenan gum (CG), xanthan-guar gum blend (XG-GG), chitosan (CS), gum arabic (GA) on the water migration, rheological and 3D printing properties of β-carotene loaded yam starch-based hydrogel (BCH) were investigated to expand product form of β-carotene. The results showed that CS addition promoted the migration of weakly bound water to tightly bound water in BCH. Addition of GG, CG, XG-GG, CS and GA enhanced apparent viscosity, G', G'', hardness and gumminess of BCH. CG, XG-GG, CS and GA addition improved printing stability of BCH. The printed objects added with GG and CS displayed smooth lines with fine resolution and higher formability, which showed a more uniform pore distribution and thinner gel skeleton structure. The results of XRD showed that hydrocolloids addition decreased the relative crystallinity of BCH. A combination of physicochemical parameters could be used to discriminate samples through hierarchical cluster analysis.

This study investigated effects of UV-B radiation and CaCl2 on the enhancement of carotenoid content in germinated corn kernels. UV-B radiation and CaCl2 treatments were effective for promoting both carotenoid content and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the carotenoid content was greater when under the combined treatments of UV-B radiation and CaCl2. Activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were enhanced but malondialdehyde content was weakened by UV-B radiation plus CaCl2 compared to the UV-B radiation only. The mRNA expression of PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYB, LCYE, BCH1, CYP97C genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway showed different patterns in UV-B radiation and CaCl2 treatments. This reveals that the UV-B radiation can increase carotenoid content and antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, CaCl2 can further improve carotenoid content and reduce photooxidative damage caused by UV-B radiation.

This study aims to develop novel lutein nanoparticles encapsulized by stevioside (LUT-STE, 165 ± 2 nm average particles size) and systematically evaluate its bioavailability. Multiple spectroscopy and NMR analyses showed lutein and stevioside could interact through hydrogen bonds, C H π interaction and van der Waals forces. Molecular docking simulation showed lutein was well distributed in the hydrophobic cavity of stevioside. Analyzed by Caco-2 cellular models, the transported amount of LUT-STE was 2.39 times that of lutein in 120 min with a Papp (B → A)/Papp (A → B) value of 0.63 ± 0.04. Nystatin and dynasore significantly reduced the cellular uptake of LUT-STE by 41.3% and 57.7%, respectively. Compared with free lutein, LUT-STE increased the Cmax in mice plasma by 5.01-fold and promoted the accumulation in multiple organs. LUT-STE promoted the protein expressions of CD36, NPC1L1 and PPARγ in both cell and animal models. In conclusion, stevioside entrapment significantly promote the bioavailability of lutein through multiple transmembrane pathways.

This study investigated effects of UV-B radiation and CaCl