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A portable smartphone-based fluorescence sensing platform can realize the on-site rapid quantification of sulfite in food. [Display omitted] • A chromogenic and fluorogenic dual-mode probe was developed for the detection of sulfite. • The probe specifically recognizes sulfite with fast response and low detection limit. • A portable sensing platform can on-site visually determine sulfite in various food. • The probe achieved high accuracy and good anti-interference ability. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and its derivatives (HSO 3 − and SO 3 2−) are widely used in food-processing. Whereas excessive consumption of sulfur dioxide and its derivatives (>0.70 mg·kg−1day−1) severely endangers human health. In this work, we rationally constructed a practical dual-mode probe (dicyanomethylene)-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)vinyl)-1-methylquinolinium (QMN), which underwent a specific 1, 4-Michael addition with sulfite to afford a noticeable color change from pale yellow to red along with a high-contrast fluorescence turn-on response at 598 nm. QMN has the advantages of rapid response, high signal-to-noise ratio, excellent selectivity, good water-solubility, large Stokes shift and low detection limit (LOD = 31.9 nM). QMN has been successfully used to on-site visually determine sulfite in a diversity of foods with satisfactory recoveries (91.33–111.33 %) and high accuracy (93.74–98.71 %). Furthermore, a portable smartphone-based fluorescence sensing platform was fabricated for on-site determination of sulfite in food with good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Utilization of biodegradable polymers ensures the safety of food and the environment. • Bioactive compounds and natural colorants are incorporated for smart functioning. • Natural colorants can be used as a pH indicator as well as active ingredient in packaging. • Smart packaging possesses dual functions; food preservation and quality indication. • Natural colorants incorporation by appropriate techniques is crucial for real-time indications of food spoilage. The current synthetic plastic-based packaging creates environmental hazards that impact climate change. Hence, the topic of the current research in food packaging is biodegradable packaging and its development. In addition, new smart packaging solutions are being developed to monitor the quality of packaged foods, with dual functions as food preservation and quality indicators. In the creation of intelligent and active food packaging, many natural colorants have been employed effectively as pH indicators and active substances, respectively. This review provides an overview of biodegradable polymers and natural colorants that are being extensively studied for pH-indicating packaging. A comprehensive discussion has been provided on the current status of the development of intelligent packaging systems for food, different incorporation techniques, and technical challenges in the development of such green packaging. Finally, the food industry and environmental protection might be revolutionized by pH-sensing biodegradable packaging enabling real-time detection of food product quality and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A total of seventy-five garlic samples from different geographical origins were analysed. • Garlic samples from different geographical origins have distinct metabolite compositions. • Polish garlic has the highest content of allyl organosulfur compounds. • Chinese garlic has low sugar content but high amino acid and choline content. • Madeira garlic is rich in free carbohydrates, betaine, and amino acids. Garlic is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide, which contains many bioactive compounds. The chemical composition of garlic varies significantly depending on conditions in the growing locality and other factors. In this paper, the garlic samples were classified based on their geographical origin using principal component analysis (PCA), and significant differences in metabolite composition were found. Quantitative analysis highlighted that Polish garlics have the highest level of sulfur components, similar to Spanish garlic Egyptian garlic exhibited the lowest content of identified metabolites, while Madeira garlic was rich in carbohydrates and amino acids. Chinese garlic had low sugar content but a higher quantity of amino acids and choline. The findings highlight the association between food composition and environmental conditions and can be used to classify garlic based on its origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Solid-phase microextraction of fluorides on layered double hydroxide nanoparticles. • Cotton rotating disk packed with layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles. • LDH nanoparticles for in situ formation of the alizarin complexone-Al3+-F– complex. • Layered double hydroxides for smartphone digital image colorimetry. • First procedure for the determination of F– in milk by smartphone-based colorimetry. A novel smartphone digital image colorimetry-based approach was developed for fluoride ion determination, using layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles (Mg 2 Al(OH) 7) as sorbents for analyte preconcentration and as a source of a central metal ion for a colored complex formation. A cotton rotating disk provided effective retention of the LDH nanoparticles during solid-phase microextraction and elution, excluding time-consuming centrifugation process. In the proposed procedure, the nanoparticles acted as aluminum ion source for alizarin complexone-Al3+-F– complex formation. An image of Eppendorf tube, containing the colored complex solution was obtained by a smartphone and converted, using the RGB model for fluoride ion determination. The procedure had a linear range of 0.20–20 mg L−1 with a limit of detection of 0.06 mg L−1. The developed procedure provided effective fluoride separation from various matrices for its determination by a smartphone without additional sample pretreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Using LSC to measure 226Ra and 228Ra in food samples simultaneously. • Overall efficiencies of 226Ra and 228Ra were 68.4–79.4% and 30.1– 35.8%, respectively. • The MDA of 226Ra and 228Ra were 11.3 mBq/g and 33.4 mBq/g, respectively. • Method was validated by reference materials and compared to data from γ-spectrometry. The 228Ra and 226Ra isotopes of radium are significant contaminants in food, raising public concern because of their radiotoxicity. Several methods are available for determining 228Ra and 226Ra. However, the application of these procedures is not focused on food but only on water and environmental matrices. In this study, a cost-effective method for the simultaneous determination of 226Ra and 228Ra radioactivity in food samples using liquid scintillation counting was developed. The overall efficiencies of 226Ra and 228Ra in the food samples are 69.4–78.4% and 30.1–35.8%, respectively. The minimum detectable activities of 226Ra and 228Ra are 11.3 mBq/g and 33.4 mBq/g, respectively, in our food sample, obtained using a 1.0 g ash sample and 60 min of counting time. The method was validated using IAEA-certified reference materials and compared with data obtained using gamma spectrometry in tea, kelp, and oyster samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Oil refining causes hydrolysis of epoxy fatty acids to the corresponding diol. • The epoxy-to-diol ratio might be a new marker to asses authenticity of virgin oils. • Fried and highly processed foods contain high oxylipin concentrations. • The total amount of oxylipin consumed per portion ranges from 2 to 80 mg. Several oxylipins are potent lipid mediators and are discussed to be absorbed after oral intake. However, information about their concentrations in oils and processed foods are scarce. Here, we analyzed the concentrations of mono-, di- and multihydroxy- as well as epoxy-PUFA in virgin and refined oils as well as in different foods/meals. Oil refining causes hydrolysis of epoxy-PUFA and thus high dihydroxy-PUFA concentrations (e.g. 15,16-DiHODE 290 µg/g in refined vs. 15 µg/g in virgin rapeseed oil), making the epoxy-to-diol ratio a potential marker for refined oils. Low oxylipin levels were found in foods with high amounts of saturated fatty acids such as Hamburger patties (around 30 µg/g). High concentrations (up to 1200 µg/g, 80 mg per serving) and high oxylipin/precursor-PUFA ratios were found in fried falafel and processed foods such as vegetarian sausage/fish fingers. Our study provides first insights in the oxylipin concentrations of our daily food, indicating a relevant intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TDS samples covered at least 90% of food items consumed by the Portuguese population. • Top 7 foods for vitamin D level belonged to fish group (max: seabream 13.8 µg/100 g). • Main food groups for vitamin D intake were fish (38%) and composite dishes (22%). • Top 5 foods for vitamin D intake were plaice, sea bream, sardine, octopus rice, milk. • Vitamin D inadequacy was 94% and median intake was 2.2 µg/day. Vitamin D acts in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and also as an immunomodulatory hormone. To estimate the vitamin D intake by the 'adults' and 'elderly' Portuguese populations TDS methodology was used, since in the absence of skin UVB exposure, food and supplements are the only vitamin D sources. Vitamin D was quantifiable in 78 (24 from the fish group) of the 164 TDS samples. Sea bream contained the most vitamin D (13.8 µg/100 g), followed by plaice (9.2 µg/100 g). MCRA software (semi-probabilistic approach) was used to estimate the median vitamin D intake that ranged between 2.47 ('adults' 'males') − 1.45 ('elderly' 'females') µg/day, well below the Dietary Reference Values (5–15 µg/day). Plaice, sea bream and sardine were the main contributors to intake. A prevalence of 94% inadequate vitamin D intake for 'adults' and 'elderly' was found based on the estimated average requirement of 10 µg/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety and quality aspects of food products have always been critical issues for the food production and processing industries. Since conventional quality measurements are laborious, time-consuming, and expensive, it is vital to develop new, fast, non-invasive, cost-effective, and direct techniques to eliminate those challenges. Recently, non-destructive techniques have been applied in the food sector to improve the quality and safety of foodstuffs. The aim of this review is an effort to list non-destructive techniques (X-ray, computer tomography, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, infrared, Raman, terahertz, nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging) based on the electromagnetic spectrum and discuss their principle and application in the food sector. This review provides an in-depth assessment of the different non-destructive techniques used for the quality and safety analysis of foodstuffs. We also discussed comprehensively about advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and opportunities for the application of each technique and recommended some solutions and developments for future trends., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is widely used in the prevention and treatment of animal infectious diseases, so it is necessary to strengthen the residue detection of this drug in animal-derived food and water environments. In this work, for the first time, we engineered assembly a split ENR aptamer into the G-quadruplex (G4) region to form a new aptamer (G4-ENRA) that provides a more sensitive signal-reporting function while retaining target-specific recognition ability of the aptamer. This rational design effectively overcomes the issue of difficulty in identification probe development. Under the optimized conditions, a response range of 0.05-20 µM and limit of detection of 26.7 nM were obtained by directly detecting fluorescence signals, displaying a comparative advantage over the previously reported methods. Moreover, this method demonstrated satisfactory performance for the ENR detection in various real food and environmental samples, with the detection recoveries ranging from 95.87 % to 104.36 %, illustrating promising applicability prospects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Descriptive sensory analysis, headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and multivariate statistical analysis were used to elucidate the regional dependence of sauce-flavor baijiu (SFB). Although SFB samples from different regions couldn't be clearly classified by sensory profiles, they could be clearly divided into 5 groups in principal component analysis plot based on quantitative targeted flavoromics analysis. And then, the relationship between sensory attributes and volatile compounds were investigated by network analysis. Twenty regional aroma markers were identified by multivariate statistical analysis to distinguish SFB samples from different regions. Furthermore, the influence of manufacturing operation on SFB in Guizhou region was further analyzed. Thirty-eight potential compounds were significant different in Guizhou SFB samples with different manufacturing operations. This study not only provides a better understanding of regional dependence on SFB flavor, but also further clarifies the inheritance importance of manufacturing operation in traditional SFB production., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Lipids are widespread in nature and play a pivotal role as a source of energy and nutrition for the human body. Vegetable oils (VOs) constitute a significant category in the food industry, containing various lipid components that have garnered attention for being natural, environmentally friendly and health-promoting. The review presented the classification of raw materials (RMs) from oil crops and quality analysis techniques of VOs, with the aim of improving comprehension and facilitating in-depth research of VOs. Brief descriptions were provided for four categories of VOs, and quality analysis techniques for both RMs and VOs were generalized. Furthermore, this study discussed the applications of lipidomics technology in component analysis, processing and utilization, quality determination, as well as nutritional function assessment of VOs. Through reviewing RMs and quality analysis techniques of VOs, this study aims to encourage further refinement and development in the processing and utilization of VOs, offering valuable references for theoretical and applied research in food chemistry and food science., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Amaranth proteins can be produced more sustainably than animal proteins, and they have amino acid compositions that are nutritionally balanced, which makes them attractive candidates for various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This article provides an overview of the composition and techno-functional properties of amaranth protein, including its solubility, emulsification, gelation, foaming, and binding properties. These properties play an important role in the use of amaranth proteins for formulating nanoparticle-based delivery systems with good functional attributes. Amaranth proteins have structural and physicochemical properties suitable for fabricating protein-based nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be used to encapsulate and control the release of bioactive compounds. However, challenges associated with the presence of anti-nutritional factors in amaranth proteins need to be addressed. These antinutrients negatively affect the bioavailability and digestibility of proteins and bioactive compounds. Hence, strategies to mitigate these challenges are discussed, including processing technologies and genetic engineering methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The application of rapeseed protein in human foods is limited by residual antinutritive components and poor sensory quality. The effects of five extraction protocols on rapeseed protein yield, sensory, functional and nutritional properties were systematically evaluated in this study. In particular, the potential of weakly acidic salt (pH 6.5, 150 mmol·L -1 MgCl 2 ) extraction as a mild method for recovering edible rapeseed protein was investigated compared with conventional alkali extraction. All salt-extracted proteins showed above 40 % extraction yield and low antinutritional factor contents. They also had ideal amino acid patterns and better in vitro gastroduodenal digestibility than alkaline-extracted proteins. Additionally, the lighter color and odor, as well as better solubility, emulsion activity, foaming property, and water/oil holding capacity were found in weakly acidic salt extraction-ultrafiltered proteins. These findings suggest that weakly acidic salt extraction-ultrafiltration could be used for obtaining edible rapeseed protein, while extraction yield should be improved for scale application., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Foods are analysed for their vitamin content to support the verification of regulatory compliance or to generate food composition data. Many international reference methods for the analysis of vitamins in foods originate from the 1990s. Advances in nutrition science and analytical technology and the continuing evolution of statutory regulations necessitate the need of new or supplementary regulatory standards. We have evaluated recent developments in these areas and conclude that most current international reference methods are no longer fit-for-purpose to accurately determine vitamin content in foods and food supplements. We have made recommendations to consider new and/or updated reference methods and regulatory standards for the analysis of vitamins A, D, E, K, B 1 , B 2 , B 3, B 5 , B 6 , B 7 , B 9 , B 12 , C and carotenoids in foods and food supplements. This area of nutrients may benefit from globally harmonised definitions specifying what compounds to include or exclude for analysis, and applicable bioactivity factors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The structural features of precooked noodles during refrigerated storage were non-destructively characterized using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology along with conventional analytical methods. The precooked noodles displayed a more rigid texture and restricted water mobility over the storage period, derived from the recrystallization of starch. Dimensionality reduction techniques revealed robust correlations between the storage duration and HSI absorbance of the noodles, and from their loading plots, the specific peaks of the noodles related to their structural changes were identified at wavelengths of around 1160 and 1400 nm. The strong relationships between the HSI results of the noodles and their storage period/texture were confirmed by training four machine learning models on the HSI data. In particular, the support vector algorithm displayed the best prediction performance for classifying precooked noodles by storage period (98.3% accuracy) and for predicting the noodle texture (R 2  = 0.914)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Suyong Lee reports financial support was provided by Pulmuone Foods. Suyong Lee reports financial support was provided by National Research Foundation of Korea. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Gelatin is a water-soluble protein obtained from the collagen of various animal origins (porcine, bovine, fish, donkey, horse, and deer hide) and has diverse applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Porcine and bovine gelatins are extensively used in food and non-food products; however, their acceptance is limited due to religious prohibitions, whereas fish gelatin is accepted in all religions. In Southeast Asia, especially in China, gelatin obtained from donkey and deer skins is used in medicines. However, both sources suffer from adulteration (mixing different sources of gelatin) due to their limited availability and high cost. Unclear labeling and limited information about actual gelatin sources in gelatin-containing products cause serious concern among societies for halal and fraud authentication of gelatin sources. Therefore, authenticating gelatin sources in gelatin-based products is challenging due to close similarities between the composition differences and degradation of DNA and protein biomarkers in processed gelatin. Thus, different methods have been proposed to identify and quantify different gelatin sources in pharmaceutical and food products. To the best of our knowledge, this systematic and comprehensive review highlights different authentication techniques and their limitations in gelatin detection and quantification in various commercial products. This review also describes halal authentication and adulteration prevention strategies of various gelatin sources, mainly focussing on research gaps, challenges, and future directions in this research area., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) residue in foodstuffs will bring great harm to human health. We immobilize the composite of the reduced polyaniline (PANI R ) modified gold nanoparticles on the surface of ITO (ITO/AuNPs/PANI R ) to develop surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for H 2 O 2. detection. The principle is that PANI R is oxidized by H 2 O 2 to generate a new SERS peak at 1460 cm -1 for realizing quantitative analysis of H 2 O 2 . Fe 2+ -Fenton reaction is introduced to catalytically react with H 2 O 2 to hydroxyl radical, which speeds up the oxidation of PANI R . Before SERS detection, acidic treatment could guarantee the reduced state of PANI R in composite. Limit of detection of ITO/AuNPs/PANI R -based SERS assay for H 2 O 2 is down to 1.78 × 10 -12 mol/L and a good linear relationship from 1 × 10 -10 to 3.16 × 10 -7 mol/L is achieved. Furthermore, the SERS sensor could be regenerated by acidic treatment. As a scenario, the renewable SERS sensor is utilized to monitor H 2 O 2 residues in food and environmental samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Food safety issues and food waste have always been hot topics of concern. This study aimed to develop a recyclable bactericidal packaging film that combines polylactic acid (PLA), graphitic carbon nitride (CN) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) to extend food shelf life. This film exhibited compactness and thermostability, as observed by scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimeter. The temperature of P/CN/CNT film could still reach 54 ± 4 °C after being used for 3 times. The film still has bactericidal activity on the 5th cycle use except for L. monocytogenes revealed by morphological characterization on bacteria. This film effectively extended the shelf life of banana to 7 days, as confirmed by measurements of hardness, pH value and total bacterial count of banana. This study provides a packaging film with recyclable bactericidal ability., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Foods rich in carbohydrates or fats undergo the Maillard reaction during frying, which promotes the color, flavor and sensory characteristics formation. In the meanwhile, Maillard reaction intermediates and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have a negative impact on food sensory quality and gut homeostasis. This negative effect can be influenced by food composition and other processing factors. Whole grain products are rich in polyphenols, which can capture carbonyl compounds in Maillard reaction, and reduce the production of AGEs during frying. This review summarizes the Maillard reaction production intermediates and AGEs formation mechanism in fried food and analyzes the factors affecting the sensory formation of food. In the meanwhile, the effects of Maillard reaction intermediates and AGEs on gut homeostasis were summarized. Overall, the innovative processing methods about the Maillard reaction are summarized to optimize the sensory properties of fried foods while minimizing the formation of AGEs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Chicken gelatin derived from poultry by-product was combined with caffeic acid (CA), rutin (RUT) and glycerol (GLY) to obtain biodegradable films. Optimum cross-linking conditions were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that cross-linking led to lower L* value and higher b*, and the higher opacity values in the films. Water solubility (WS) decreased up to 50% after the incorporation of 1.25% CA compared to the commercial gelatin (cattle and pig based) films. Crosslinking improved the thermal stability and the tensile strength (TS) of films. Optimized cross-linking combination was determined as 0.96-1.56% CA, 0-1.25% RUT, and 29.5-30.5% GLY. Overall, this study demonstrated that crosslinking by CA and RUT can be used to improve the physical and barrier properties of gelatin films having excellent potential for the development of biodegradable films for packaging uses. These films may also result in an improvement and added value in poultry by-products., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study presents an original nano-sorbent using activated nanodiamonds@Bi 2 WO 6 to separate and enrich nickel ions from water and food samples. FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, FE-SEM-EDX, EDS-TEAM, TGA, and BET were used to characterize the nanocomposite. It has a large surface area, active functional groups, and better reactivity. Ni(II) ions were determined as Ni(II)-PADAP chelates using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The parameters were studied and optimized, including pH (6), eluent type and volume (1 mL), ligand quantity (10 μg), sorbent dosage (20 mg), and contact time (1 min). The method has a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.6 μg L -1 , a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.3 μg L -1 , a relative standard deviation of 4.5%, and a preconcentration factor of 10. The method was validated by applying to certified reference materials (BCR estuarine water 505 and 1573a NIST). The method was successfully applied to tap waters, industrial waste waters, and vegetables., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Numerous Pseudomonas species can infect aquatic animals, such as farmed rainbow trout, sea trout, sea bass, and sea bream, by causing disease or stress reactions. In aquaculture facilities, a number of Pseudomonas species have been isolated and identified as the main pathogens. The present study describes the characterization of 18 Pseudomonas strains, isolated from fish products using shotgun proteomics. The bacterial proteomes obtained were further analyzed to identify the main functional pathway proteins involved. In addition, this study revealed the presence of 1015 non-redundant peptides related to virulence factors. An additional 25 species-specific peptides were identified as putative Pseudomonas spp. biomarkers. The results constitute the largest dataset, described thus far for the rapid identification and characterization of Pseudomonas species present in edible fish; furthermore, these data can provide the basis for further research into the development of new therapies against these harmful pathogens., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Herein, an affordable and simple analytical device is presented to portable identify of garlic in 30 min; the evaluation needs no pre-treatment of sample. The analytical device fabrication was did employing a headspace-based nanosensor array using of inexpensive materials as commercial filter discs, quantum dots (QDs), and metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). The nanoarray is fabricated by the accumulation QDs on MNPs surface, that results in the production of ensembles of QDs/MNPs. The ensembles generate diverse colorimetric profiles as "fingerprints" regarding to each garlic sample. The volatile organosulfur compounds (OSCs) of garlic can prefer binding to the MNPs comparing with QDs. The color profiles can be displayed with a smartphone camera, which can be quantitatively distinguished by chemometrics approaches. The analytical device was used to assessment of fake pickled samples in balsamic vinegar. This device proves well potential for qualitative control of garlic., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Bromadiolone and brodifacoum, the most frequently used anticoagulant rodenticides, are highly toxic and pose a threat to public health by causing food poisoning incidents. Here, we developed a fluorescence microplate immunoassay for facile and sensitive detection of bromadiolone and brodifacoum by introducing three commercial chemicals (p-phenylenediamine, polyethyleneimine, H 2 O 2 ) as a new substrate of horseradish peroxidase and then generating fluorescence signals based on an in situ fluorogenic reaction (detection time within 75 min). This assay exhibited higher efficiency in generating fluorescence signals, thereby exhibiting a 6-fold improvement in sensitivity compared with colorimetric ELISA. The limit of detection was 0.23-0.28 ng/mL (ng/g) for bromadiolone and 0.34-0.61 ng/mL (ng/g) for brodifacoum in corn and human serum, with recovery ratios higher than 82.3 %. These satisfactory results illustrated our proposed assay was a potential tool for food analysis and poisoning diagnosis caused by bromadiolone and brodifacoum., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Biscuit baking can cause the formation of heat-related toxic compounds, mainly through the Maillard reaction, including some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are potentially carcinogenic to humans. This study investigates the effects of different baking conditions and recipes on quality characteristics (moisture, water activity, colour, texture) and on the concentration of some VOCs (furfural, furfuryl acetate, 5-methylfurfural, furfuryl alcohol, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal) in biscuits. Specifically, lab-made biscuits baked under static and ventilated conditions and three commercial biscuit types categorised as shortbreads with eggs, with chocolate chips and dry petits were evaluated. Concerning the lab-made biscuits, the ventilated mode resulted in faster baking and a slightly lower concentration of investigated VOCs compared to the static mode. Besides the process conditions, the recipe also played a role in the final quality and target volatiles, whose concentrations were lower in dry petits than in shortbreads, which are characterised by higher sugar and fat contents., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

AMPK is a key player in a variety of metabolic and physiological processes, which might be considered one of the most promising targets for both prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases. Many dietary components and contaminants have been recently demonstrated to prevent or promote the development these diseases via AMPK-mediated pathways. AMPK can be activated by diverse phytochemical substances such as EGCG, chicoric acid, tomatidine, and others, all of which have been found to contribute to preventing or ameliorating chronic disorders. On the other hand, recent studies have found that metabolic disruptions induced by pesticides such as 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol, imidacloprid, permethrin, are attributed to the inactivation of AMPK. This review may contribute to the development of functional foods for treatment of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases through modulating AMPK pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The improved pre-column methods followed by gradient elution C18-chromatography (C18-UFLC) with photodiode (DAD) and fluorescence (FLD) detection for analysis of tocotrienols (T3s), tocopherols (Ts), α-tocopheryl acetate and cholesterol in plant, algae and fish oils, milk and animal tissues have been described. C18-chromatography without saponification permitted quantification of T3s and Ts in oils. Quantification of tocols in milk involved saponification followed by C18-chromatography. β-tocol and γ-tocol were unseparated using C18-chromatography. Esterification of hydroxyl group of tocols with trifluoroacetic anhydride allows their satisfactory separation. The combination of esterification of tocols, C18-chromatography and DAD monitoring at 278 and 205 nm provide the suitable analytical tool for quantification of β- and γ-forms of tocols in biological samples. Our original C18-chromatographic methods are satisfactory precise, accurate, repeatable and offer low values of limit of detection (<10 ng/mL) and limit of quantification (<27 ng/mL) for assayed tocols and cholesterol., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Proteolysis prior to fibrillation can change the functional properties of protein fibrils. This study aimed to investigate the effects of proteolysis pretreatment by alkaline protease on formation, structure, and foaming properties of rice protein fibrils. Thioflavin T fluorescence and conversion assays showed that proteolysis reduced the fibril formation capacity of rice protein. After 12 h of heating, the percent conversion of rice protein and rice protein hydrolysates to fibrils reached 60.32 ± 1.07% and 30.43 ± 2.01%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that fibrils derived from rice protein hydrolysates had a longer contour length than rice protein fibrils. The foaming capacity and stability of rice protein hydrolysate fibrils increased by 16.70% and 11.27%, respectively, compared with those of rice protein fibrils. The addition of rice protein hydrolysate fibrils improved the texture of cakes. These results suggested that rice protein hydrolysate fibrils could be a promising plant-based foaming agent., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

On-line quantitation of tetracycline (TC) is significant to ensure environmental health and food security. Hence, a novel smartphone-integrated ratiometric sensing platform for on-line quantitative analysis of TC was designed. A CitNa-functionalized g-C 3 N 4 /Eu 3+ (g-C 3 N 4 /CitNa/Eu) composites with blue and red dual-emissive feature were fabricated as dual indicators for shielding background interference, enhancing anti-interference capability. The fluorescent response (F 620 /F 450 ) ratio and TC concentration demonstrated good linear relationship ranged from 0.0 to 100.0 μM with a detection limit of 1.96 nM. Furthermore, the combination of g-C 3 N 4 /CitNa/Eu and polyacrylonitrile polymers forming electrospun film was achieved via electrospinning method. Smartphone-integrated ratiometric sensing platform was developed based on the fluorescent color of electrospun film from blue to light red with TC. This solid sensing platform achieved excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 7.42 nM. Combining the solid ratiometric fluorescent film with smartphone reader provides a potential way for on-line quantitation of TC in food and other fields., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

An analytical method for determination of GC-amenable pesticides in complex matrices, was validated based on QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Performance of the method was tested according to the EU SANTE guidelines for 172 pesticides belonging to different chemical classes, in three representative complex matrices. Three concentration levels were tested in order to establish the lowest limit of quantification possible. For some matrix/pesticide combination, careful selection of the quantification/confirmation transitions was key to avoid interferences. Accurate quantification was achieved by standard addition. The number of compounds fulfilling EU SANTE criteria at 10 µg/kg and 100 µg/kg were 93 and 148 for roasted coffee, 93 and 112 for green tea and 98 and 111 for curry respectively. The method was further evaluated in different matrices (chili, clove, cumin, paprika and rosemary) with 50-90 % of the compounds fulfilling the validation criteria depending on the matrix., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites prevalent in various food and agricultural products, posing significant challenges to global food safety. The detection and quantification of AFs through high-precision analytical techniques are crucial in mitigating AF contamination levels and associated health risks. Variousmethods,including conventional and emerging techniques, have been developed for detecting and quantifyingAFsinfood samples. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the global occurrence of AF in food commodities, covering their biosynthesis, mode of action, and effects on humans and animals. Additionally, the review discusses different conventional strategies, including chromatographic and immunochemical approaches, for AF quantification and identification in food samples. Furthermore, emerging AF detection strategies, such as solid-state gas sensors and electronic nose technologies, along with their applications, limitations, and future perspectives, were reviewed. Sample purification, along with their respective advantages and limitations, are also discussed herein., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

As nucleic acid-based affinity elements, aptamers have attracted significant attention for a wide range of analytical applications. Although several aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) aptamers have been identified, they are unsuitable for overcoming the unavoidable cross-reactions from interferents in complex food matrices due to their poor binding affinities and specificities. Herein, a novel precision-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (P-SELEX) strategy through introducing the counter (matrix without target AFB 1 ) and positive (with AFB 1 ) screening steps was implemented to accurately identify AFB 1 aptamers. A DNA aptamer A-42-2 at a 24-nt length was selected finally, which possessed nanomolar-level affinity of 5.55 nM, high specificity to other interferents, and strong anti-cross-reactivity ability for matrix components. Then, an A-42-2 aptamer-based ultra-sensitive colorimetric and fluorescent dual-readout aptasensor was fabricated for AFB 1 detection in three kinds of complex food samples rich in starch without cross-reactions. The aptasensor displayed outstanding detection capacity with a wide liner range of 0.25-30 nM (1.95-234.4 μg/kg), while the detection limit for colorimetric measurement as low as 0.22 nM (1.72 μg/kg) and 0.048 nM (0.20 μg/kg) for fluorescent determination. P-SELEX is ideal for screening and applying aptamers in complex food matrices, creating more opportunities for the efficient and cost-effective development of high-quality aptamers and aptasensors for other targets., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The development of a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for monitoring antibiotic residues is crucial for maintaining food safety. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescence probe based on bimetallic organic framework (Eu/Zr-MOF) was developed for the detection of tetracycline (TC). The Eu/Zr-MOF was synthesized by the coordination of Eu 3+ and Zr 4+ with 2-APDC, which exhibited a grape-like cluster morphology and dual-emitting fluorescence at 430 nm/616 nm. Based on the internal filtering effect (IFE), significant fluorescence quenching was observed at 430 nm, whereas only slight changes occurred at 616 nm. The ratiometric sensing offered two broad linear ranges (0.5-8 μg/mL; 10-60 μg/mL) and a low detection limit (26.7 ng/mL). The proposed method was applied to the determination of TC in pork and water samples. Fluorescent sensors have the advantages of simple design, fast response, and high sensitivity, thus providing a promising means for evaluating the safety of food contaminated with TC., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Flavors are considered among the most important components of food formulations since they can predominantly affect the consumer acceptance and satisfaction. However, most flavors are highly volatile and inherently sensitive to pH, light, thermal processes, and chemical reactions such as oxidation and hydrolysis. Encapsulation is used as an effective strategy for protecting flavors from environmental conditions and extending their shelf life. Moreover, release characteristics of flavors can be modified via application of appropriate carriers and wall materials. This review focuses on the use of encapsulated flavors in various food products. Various factors affecting flavor retention during encapsulation, flavor release mechanisms, profiles and kinetics are discussed. Finally, the challenges associated with the use of encapsulated flavors in food products (in situ) and to model systems (in vitro), their storage stability, product requirements and problems related to the market are presented., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this study was to develop a selective sorbent for cadmium ions (Cd(II)) enrichment in orbital shaker assisted solid phase microextraction (OS-SPME) from different aqueous and food samples. A maleic anhydride-styrene-glycidyl methacrylate (MA-St-GMA) terpolymer was synthesized and characterized in detail. Experimental variables of sample preparation step were optimized using a central composite design (CCD). The final determination step was performed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The MA-St-GMA sorbent exhibited a high adsorption capacity (195.9 mg g -1 ) for the Cd(II) ion. The developed method under optimal conditions provides satisfactory performance and a significant improvement compared to other protocols available in the literature. The linear range and detection limit of the method is 0.1-130 ng mL -1 and 0.03 ng mL -1 , respectively. The robustness, intraday/interday precision, selectivity, and accuracy of the method were investigated. To further validate the method, a dedicated series of analysis was performed using certified reference materials (CRMs). This part of the study confirmed the applicability of the method for routine analysis. The OS-SPME-FAAS method was validated using water and food samples. Relative standard deviations and recovery for real-world samples were in ranges 1.7-2.2 % and 95.5-98.5 %, respectively. As a result, the MA-St-GMA sorbent showed that it could quantitatively extract Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Flavor and chemical changes with microbial succession during Red-Sour-Soup (RSS) post-fermentation were urgent to be revealed for quality control. RSS post-fermentation could be divided into three stages according to acidity, nutrients exhausting and total colony counts, without coliform bacteria growth nor nitrite peak was observed. Lactobacillus acetotolerans induced over 50 % increase of lactic acid, finally conducing to the lactic acid-dominated sour taste of RSS. The volatile compounds totally increased by 25.70 % in chili sauce and 32.58 % in tomato sauce (p < 0.05). In early-/middle-stage (pH > 3.5), alcohols and short-chain fatty acids increased, and butyric acid with unpleasant odor became the maximum flavor contributor. Nevertheless, in late-stage (pH < 3.5), with the reduction of alcohols and fatty acids, esters, 2-nonanone and terpenoids with pleasant flavors increased by Clavispora lusitaniae, Pichia, Cladosporium delicatulum and Rozellomycota sp.. In conclusion, the post-fermentation, especially L. acetotolerans metabolism and aciduric fungal esterification were essential for RSS characteristic flavor formation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Changing starch structure at different levels is a promising approach to promote desirable metabolic responses. Chain length distribution (CLD) is among the starch structural characteristics having a potential to determine properties of starch-based products. Therefore, the objective of the current review is to summarize recent findings on CLD and its impact on physicochemical properties and digestion. Investigations undertaken to enhance understanding of starch structure have shown clearly that CLD is a significant determining factor in modulating starch digestibility. Enzymatic modifications and processing treatments alter the CLD of starch, which in turn affects the rate of digestion, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. Even though advances have been made in manipulating CLD using different methods and to correlate the changes with various functional properties, in general the area needs further investigations to open new awareness for enhancing healthiness of starchy foods., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Developing a platform for the selective detection and effective monitor of toxic contaminants is a major challenge to address organic contaminants contamination in environmental science. Here, for the first time, the thickness-controllable Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-100(Fe) heterogeneous materials with special hollow nanoflower (HFs) morphology had been synthesized. The morphology and shell thickness of the nano-petal could be tuned by changing the reaction time. The resultant Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-100(Fe) HFs exhibited the hollow nanoflower shapes and exposed abundant accessible active sites. The enrichment performance of Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-100(Fe) HFs was approximately 1.4-1.7 times that of spherical Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-100(Fe) composite for benzoylurea insecticides (BUs). Furthermore, the optimal sample achieved the wide linearity (0.05-500 ng mL -1 ) and low limits of detection, (0.003-0.01 ng mL -1 ) for BUs. The research provides a new strategy for highly sensitive detection and monitoring of harmful pollutant levels in the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Carbon nitride nanoflower materials (CNNFs) modified electrodes were prepared and used as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors for the sensitive detection of melatonin (MT) in food. The luminescence intensity of CNNFs is increased by 4.6 times compared with bulk g-C 3 N 4. In addition, the effect of dissolved oxygen on the material was eliminated, and the stability of ECL intensity of CNNFs was improved. Under the optimal experimental conditions, there is a good linear relationship between the ECL intensity ratio and logC MT in a concentration range of 2.0 × 10−11–1.0 × 10−6 mol/L, and the detection limit is 6.2 × 10−13 mol/L. This experiment has been successfully used for the detection of MT in rice, black rice, oats, apples, bananas, grapes, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, bread, and beers. The results are consistent with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, this sensor is a sensitive and effective method for detecting MT content in food. [Display omitted] • Compared to the bulk g-C 3 N 4 , the ECL intensity of CNNFs has increased by 4.6 times. • Dispelled the effect of dissolved oxygen on CNNFs and improved the stability of ECL. • Developed CNNFs ECL sensor for sensitive detection of melatonin content in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dandelion-like Cu(OH) 2 @Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 nanoarrays were fast self-assembled prepared on CF. • The unique core–shell heterostructure nanoarrays provide abundant active sites. • Cu(OH) 2 @Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 /CF acts an efficient electrode for formaldehyde oxidation. • Cu(OH) 2 @Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 /CF displays high sensing performance for formaldehyde detection. • Cu(OH) 2 @Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 /CF operates efficiently for formaldehyde in food samples. Formaldehyde is known to harm the respiratory, nervous, and digestive systems of people. In this paper, a novel dandelion-like electrocatalyst with core–shell heterostructure arrays were fast self-assembled prepared in situ using copper foam (CF) as support substrate and 2,3,6,7,10,11 hexahydroxy-triphenyl (HHTP) as ligand (Cu(OH) 2 @Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 /CF) by a simple two-step hydrothermal reaction. The 1D Cu(OH) 2 nanorods "core" and the 2D π-conjugated conducting metal–organic frameworks (Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 c MOF) "shell" with remote delocalized electrons give the dandelion-like heterogeneous catalysts excellent electrochemical activity such as a large specific surface area, high conductivity and a fast electron transfer rate. The Cu(OH) 2 @Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 /CF exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance for formaldehyde under alkaline conditions with a linear range of 0.2 μmol/L – 125 μmol/L and 125 μmol/L – 8 mmol/L, a detection limit as low as 15.9 nmol/L (S/N = 3), as well as good accuracy, consistency, and durability, and it effectively identified FA in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hydrogel with heteroatom-doped carbon dots has been fabricated by free radical in situ gelation technique. • Hydrogels are antioxidant in both the DPPH and ABTS experiments. • Hydrogel coated banana showed at least 5 days storage life. • Hydrogel films showed restriction of UVA and UVB. A flexible, antioxidant, biodegradable, and UV-resistant polymeric nanocomposite hydrogel with heteroatom-doped carbon dots (CDs) has been fabricated using a simple one-step in situ free radical gelation process. The hydrogel formation and their physico-mehcanical characteristics have been assessed by rheology, uniaxial tensile and compression testing. The water uptake behaviour of the hydrogels is controlled by the CDs by manipulating their internal morphology and porosity. The porous nature of the hydrogels has been found from their scanning electron microscopic images which are also supported by their anomalous diffusion-based transport mechanism. The rheological signatures of the hydrogels show delayed network rupturing due to the secondary physical crosslinking alleviated by CDs. Moreover, CDs are directly influencing the permeabilites (oxygen and moisture) by lowering the values compared to their neat hydrogel films which are essential for a packing material. The biodegradability of the hydrogel films showed gradual weight loss (<75 %) within 3 weeks. The hydrogel films also have been qualified to be acted as antibacterial and antioxidant material. The shelf-life and non-leaching of CDs from gel matrices are also performed which shows its excellent capability to be used as a potential antibacterial, biodegradable, antioxidant alternative packaging material in food sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel nano-sorbent (nanodiamonds@CuAl 2 O 4 @TiO 2) was synthesized for Ni(II) extraction. • Characterizations by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET were performed for the new nano-sorbent. • The nanocomposite enables selective Ni(II) extraction through D-µ-SPE. • The method was validated and successfully applied to CRM's food, soil, tobacco, and water samples. • This method shows high sensitivity and capability for detecting Ni(II) at the µg/kg level. Heavy metal pollution poses a significant health risk, necessitating regular environmental monitoring for public safety. Elevated nickel concentrations can disrupt ecosystems and impact human health. This study presents a nano-sorbent can be used for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of nickel. The nano-sorbent was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, BET, and BJH. It demonstrated remarkable efficiency due to its nanoscale properties, optimizing results in exceptional extraction performance with minimal interference from common ions. A flame atomic absorption spectrometer was utilized for all measurements. It has a low LOD (0.29 μg L−1) and RSDs% (7.3 % and 6 % intra-day and inter-day, respectively), minimal variation, and a precisely accurate correlation (0.997). It can be used on black tea, green tea, carrots, coffee beans, tuna fish, herring fish, tobacco, soil, natural water, and wastewater samples. The accuracy of the method was assessed by analyzing TMDA-64.3 fortified water and NIST 1573a tomato leaves certified reference materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The structural impact on anthocyanins' UV–Vis molar absorptivity was studied; • A quantitative strategy based on the molar relative response factors was proposed; • An online database for 617 anthocyanins was developed to support the approach; • Our strategy provided improved quantitative results for anthocyanins in food. The effects of anthocyanin's substitution groups on the UV–Vis molar absorptivity were examined by analyzing a group of 31 anthocyanidin/anthocyanin reference standards with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD). The substitution groups on aglycones were found to associate with molar absorptivity variations, often neglected in anthocyanin quantitation, resulting in significant analytical errors. A simple yet comprehensive strategy based on the molar relative response factors (MRRFs) and a single master reference calibration (i.e., cyanidin-3-glucoside) was proposed to quantify anthocyanins in red cabbage, blueberry, and strawberry samples with improved analytical accuracy. The results indicate this approach provides an effective, inexpensive, and accurate analytical method for anthocyanins in food materials without using individual reference standards. MRRFs of 617 anthocyanins/anthocyanidins were calculated, and the information is freely available at https://BotanicalDC.online/anthocyanin/. This study could be critical to developing new reference methods for anthocyanin analysis and harmonizing results and data from various sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel smartphone-based methods for wine analysis were developed. • Developed methods were applied for the determination of bioactive compounds in wines. • Smartphone-based detection facilitates in-field analysis. • Proposed solution can be used in routine food quality assessment. • The obtained results were comparable to those obtained with UV/Vis spectrophotometry. A set of simple smartphone-based methods of bioactive compounds determination were developed for wine analysis. Procedures for smartphone-based determination of the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and biogenic amines, as well as measurement of antioxidant activity were developed and fully validated. The experimental setup is based on smartphone and 3D-printed device, though it is very simple and can be conveniently applied in lab and in field. The proposed solutions have satisfactory figures of merit with R2 in the range of 0.9860–0.9981 for linear range. The recoveries were in range 98.6–102%, RSDs up to 4.2% and LODs below 2.3 mg/L. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed procedures, wine samples were analysed using spectrophotometry and newly developed methods. The results of application of smartphone and spectrophotometer are comparable, in terms of validation parameters and measured concentrations in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two fusion tracers with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) tagged at one terminus of scFv. • The fusion tracers ALP-scFv and scFv-ALP retain good bifunctional activities. • Colorimetric and chemiluminescent immunoassays based on ALP-scFv for zearalenone. • Both methods are reliable for rapid and sensitive detection of zearalenone in food. Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin and seriously threatens food safety, which requires rapid and sensitive detection methods for monitoring ZEN in agro-products. Herein, an alkaline phosphatase-tagged single-chain variable fragment fusion protein (ALP-scFv) was used as a bifunctional tracer to develop a colorimetric enzyme immunoassay (CEIA) and a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for ZEN. In addition, the interactions between scFv and ZEN were exploited by computer-assisted simulation, and four key amino acid sites were preliminarily identified. After optimization, the CEIA and CLEIA exhibited a limit of detection of 0.02 and 0.006 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both methods showed favorable accuracy in recovery experiments and good selectivity in cross reactions. Moreover, the detection results of the actual samples from both methods correlated well with those from high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, the ALP-scFv fusion tracer-based CEIA and CLEIA are demonstrated as reliable tools for ZEN detection in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel approach of digital-image based method combined to SPE. • In-situ Cu(II) desorption and spot color development using iodide-starch reagent for DIB imaging. • Development of a new magnetic SPE adsorbent for copper preconcentration. • The method provided low detection limit sufficient for trace copper analysis in food and water. • An adsorbent with a more than fifteen-fold cycle life. A new analytical method for measuring copper in food and water was developed and validated, employing a solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique combined with digital-image-based (DIB) detection. A novel magnetic adsorbent of zinc ferrite/ Citrullus colocynthis biochar (ZF@C.BC) was used to preconcentrate copper. A magnetic tip was used to separate the copper-loaded adsorbent from the extraction medium and to dispense it to the DIB plate. In-situ desorption and development of the spot color with iodide-starch reagent were carried out, and a digital image of the developed spots was captured using a smartphone and processed using ImageJ software. The copper adsorption capacity was 91.3 mg g−1. Desorption was effected using a 0.3 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid. The preconcentration factor was 300, the limit of detection was 4.8 μg L-1, the linearity was 16–600 μg L-1 and the sample throughput was 12 h−1. The developed approach was validated by analyzing food and water samples, confirming recoveries ≥ 91 % and 88 %, respectively, with RSD ≤ 8.4 %, n = 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus peel is a commonly used food-medicine material in the production of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs). For instance, Ganpu tea is manufactured by combining the peel of Citri Reticulatae 'Chachi' (PCRC) with Pu-erh tea. The alleviated irritation of PCRC through years of aging makes Citri reticulatae Pericarpium a traditional Chinese medicine. Herein, we introduced short-term steaming into the processing of PCRC to favor the quick removal of its irritation while retaining its food-medicine properties. Sensory evaluation and volatile component analysis showed that 60-s steaming reduced irritation of freshly prepared PCRC. Biological evaluations indicated no effects of steaming on the neuroprotective activity of PCRC. The process increased the contents of several bioactive ingredients, including hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and synephrine. In addition, physical indications of accelerating PCRC aging were observed. Taken together, our findings suggest that short-term steaming may offer a promising new possibility for enhancing the quality of citrus peel., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Peanuts, sourced from various regions, exhibit noticeable differences in quality owing to the impact of their natural environments. This study proposes a fast and nondestructive detection method to identify peanut quality by combining an electronic nose system with a hyperspectral system. First, the electronic nose and hyperspectral systems are used to gather gas and spectral information from peanuts. Second, a module for extracting gas and spectral information is designed, combining the lightweight multi-head transposed attention mechanism (LMTA) and convolutional computation. The fusion of gas and spectral information is achieved through matrix combination and lightweight convolution. A hybrid neural network, named UnitFormer, is designed based on the information extraction and fusion processes. UnitFormer demonstrates an accuracy of 99.06 %, a precision of 99.12 %, and a recall of 99.05 %. In conclusion, UnitFormer effectively distinguishes quality differences among peanuts from various regions, offering an effective technological solution for quality supervision in the food market., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, we developed a low-energy-consumption green method for synthesising carbon dots (CD) at room temperature using watermelon rind as the carbon source through a cutting process based on NaCl crystals. The synthesis process was rapid (<5 min) and facile. The synthesised CD were characterised using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed that the synthesised dots exhibited robust adsorption, a spherical shape and a uniform size distribution. The PL intensity of the quantum dots decrease due to the temperature rising, metal ions and ponceau 4R added. In contrast with PH, PL intensity increase, so these CD can serve as multifunctional sensing materials. Overall, this study presents an environmentally friendly method for the rapid synthesis of CD that are suitable for temperature, pH, metal ion and food sensing applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The type 3 resistant starch (RS3) is beneficial for blood glucose management. A high quality RS3 was provided and its formation mechanism after calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) treatment was investigated in this study. The metabolomics, structure and digestion properties were evaluated. Metabolomics was performed by untargeted UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and a total of 11 significantly different metabolites was found. The NMR, ATR-FTIR, and XRD results showed that the degree of double helix decreased from 5.34 to 1.07, crystallinity decreased from 33.58 % to 19.88 %, and the amorphous region increased from 69.76 % to 78.33 %. Large particle polymers were observed by SEM on the granule surface of starch with Ca 2+ treatment. Digestion test showed that Ca 2+ increased the RS3 from 9.70 % to 22.26 %. The result indicated that Ca 2+ induced the formation of chelates between Ca 2+ and -OH, promoted the RS3 content and regulated carbohydrate metabolism. The study provided theoretical basis for producing low-glycemic black bean foods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)