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Ten species of lichenized ascomycetes are reported from the Urals. Aspicilia spermatomanes, Fuscidea praeruptorum, Lepra excludens, L. monogona, Metamelanea caesiella and Pertusaria amarescens are new to Russia while Bryobilimbia ahlesii, Lecanora orosthea, L. rouxii and Tephromela grumosa are new for the Urals. Our records considerably extend the ranges or fill gaps in the formerly disjunctive distributions of these species. The morphology, secondary chemistry and ecology of the species are discussed. © 2017, Estonian Naturalists' Society. All rights reserved. We are very grateful to Alan Archer (Royal Botanical Garden, Sydney, Australia) for his help and suggestions in determination of Pertusariaceae as well as linguistic corrections. The authors would like to thank Matthias Schultz (University of Hamburg, Germany) for checking the determination of Metamelanea caesiella. We would like to express our gratitude to Tiina Randlane and anonymous reviewer for improving of the manuscript. This study is supported by RFBR (projects 15-04-05971 and 17-44-220321).

Sixty three species of lichenicolous and allied fungi are reported, 47 of which are new to Trans-Baikal Territory of Russia. A presumably undescribed Llimoniella -like discomycete on Protoblastenia terricola is illustrated and discussed. Plectocarpon melanohaleae is first recorded in the northern hemisphere. Diplolaeviopsis ranula, Endococcus alectoriae, E. verrucisporus, Epigloea filifera, Sagediopsis fissurisedens and Talpapellis peltigerae var. peltigerae are new to Russia and Asia. Endococcus macrosporus is new to Russia. Lichenostigma rupicolae, Opegrapha geographicola and Unguiculariopsis lettaui are new to Siberia. Arthonia molendoi, Dactylospora glaucomarioides, Didymocyrtis consimilis, Epibryon conductrix, Muellerella lichenicola, Phaeospora cf. rimosicola, Sagediopsis aspiciliae, S. pertusariicola, Sphaerellothecium contextum, Stigmidium conspurcans, S. mitchellii, S. solorinarium and Talpapellis peltigerae are new to South Siberia. Cercidospora thamnoliae and Sagediopsis pertusariicola are first reported outside the Arctic. Athallia is a new host genus for Didymocyrtis consimilis and Bryoria for Endococcus alectoriae . The following new host species are registered: Pertusaria geminipara for Dactylospora deminuta, Calvitimela talayana for Endococcus propinquus s. l., Bryoria simplicior for Lichenostigma maureri and Melanohalea olivacea for Plectocarpon melanohaleae .

Thirty species of lichenicolous fungi are reported, many being new to various regions of Russia. Melaspilea galligena sp. nov. growing on Pertusaria cf. cribellata is described from Russian Far East. A possibly new lichenicolous Toninia species (on Parmelina tiliacea ) and a species of Arthonia (on Cladonia ) with 1–2-septate ascospores resembling poorly known A. lepidophila are described, illustrated and discussed. Dactylospora suburceolata is reported new to Russia and Asia, growing on a new host species Mycobilimbia carneoalbida . Tremella cetrariicola is new to Siberia and Clypeococcum cetrariae is newly documented on Vulpicida .