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• E. senticosus primary and secondary roots anatomy is analyzed for the first time. • Distribution of secretory canals is determined in perennial organs and leaves. • Secretory canals are continuously formed in the conductive phloem. • Epithelial cells-sheath cells complexes are persistent in 4 year annual rings. • Sieve tubes-companion cells are obliterated after the first vegetation period. • Autofluorescence suggests secondary metabolites occurrence in parenchyma cells also in addition to secretory structures. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae) is widely used as adaptogen in herbal medicine. Since comprehensive anatomical analysis of its vegetative organs was not available, the present study aimed at providing the reference data on the structure of leaves and roots, under- and aboveground stems of 1–4 year-old plants by means of conventional light microscopy. In the primary structure, roots were di- or triarch, with secretory canals facing protoxylem. Concurrently with cambium initiation, additional pericyclic secretory canals differentiated close to the existing ones. In the root secondary structure, secretory canals were formed in the conductive secondary phloem and maintained in the nonconductive one. Stem primary structure encompassed uniseriate epidermis with scant prickles, primary cortex and stele. Primary cortex was composed of collenchyma, chlorenchyma, ground parenchyma with secretory canals and ca. triseriate starch sheath. In outer stele (pericycle) strands of sclerenchyma fibers (stereids) differentiated, alternated with parenchyma. In the ring of open collateral bundles, cambium became continuous concurrently with (sub)epidermal initiation of phellogen. In the wide pith, ground parenchyma occurred, with a few secretory canals close to protoxylem. Secondary structure stems retained the cortical tissues in the 4th year; new secretory canals appeared in the conductive secondary phloem. The epithelial cells/sheath cells complexes were maintained even in the oldest nonconductive phloem (and in the cortex) in stems of 4 year-old plants, while the successively formed sieve tube-companion cell complexes functioned till the end of the vegetation periods only. The bifacial leaves exhibited shade adaptation in chlorenchyma structure; secretory canals were formed mainly in veins' phloem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Lamiaceous species were observed for petiole microanatomical traits. • Angular collenchymatous cells are the significant taxonomic character. • Petiole anatomical revealed variations in vascular bundles arrangements. • Morpho-anatomy of petiole in Lamiaceae traces the phylogenetic linkages. Microanatomical traits are one of the reliable features that are exploited for accurate species identification. The petiole anatomy of selected species Lamiaceous species is well explained in depth and linked to their systematic relevance. This study aimed to provide the taxonomic value of petiole micromorphology of 15 species of Lamiaceae. The petiole was sectioned with Microtome to visualize under a light microscope to measure micromorphological qualitative and quantitative attributes. The qualitative including petiole shape, vascular bundles (VBs), the shape of the epidermis, and collenchymatous and parenchymatous cells showed diversified traits. The quantitative traits such as the number of VBs, vessel elements, outlines, parenchyma, collenchyma, and upper and lower epidermis cells were measured. The highest mean length of VB (7.7 µm) was noticed in Stellaria linearis Benth. The highest VBs nine in number (3 central and 6 subsidiary) was examined in Salvia argentea L. The maximum vessel element (95 in number) were present in Thymus linearis Benth. Winged petiole was observed in nine taxa covered by uniseriate trichome hairs to be a valuable aspect in the taxonomy of Lamiaceae. The petiolar features-based statistical analysis was performed using dendrogram clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) accounting for the delineated of Lamiaceous species. This study describes the morpho-anatomy of petiole in the Lamiaceae can be further elaborated for correct identification using a phylogenetic-based micromorphological taxonomic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Distinctive character for taxonomy: elongate glandular trichomes. • Distinctive: cuticle ornamentation on epidermal and guard cells, and on trichomes. • Distinctive: anticlinal walls sinuosity, mesophyll distribution and hypodermis. • Presence of tuft-domatia on connection between midrib with secondary veins. • All species have: glandular trichomes, sclereids, outer cuticular ledge in stomata. The genera Chionanthus is composed by around 100 species distributed worldwide, in tropical and temperate regions of Asia, Africa, Americas and Australia. In Brazil, Chionanthus is the most abundant genera among the Oleaceae family, with 11 species described, nine of them being endemic. The lack of distinctive morphological aspects hinders the identification of some of these species. The aim of this work is to use the leaf anatomy as a tool to the taxonomy of Brazilian native species of Chionanthus , focusing on displaying features that ease their identification. The anatomy of fully expanded leaves was analyzed from 10 species: Chionanthus crassifolius , C. ferrugineus , C. filiformis , C. fluminensis , C. greenii , C. micranthus , C. parviflora , C. subsessilis , C. tenuis and C. trichotomus. The samples, obtained from herborized plants, were rehydrated and cross-sections were made in the middle of the leaf blade, on the petiole and, also, both of the epidermis were dissociated. The occurrence of common anatomic features to Oleaceae were noticed, such as the presence of sclereids and glandular trichomes. The description of the leaf anatomy has permitted to determine the distinctive characteristics between species, such as the shape of the petiole, the vascular system arrangement in the petiole and in the midvein; the presence of papillate epidermal cells; cuticle ornaments; elongate glandular trichomes, sinuosity on the anticlinal walls of the epidermis, presence of hypodermis; differentiation of the mesophyll; and the contour of the midrib on the abaxial surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]