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Ceiling evelopment by utilizing waste corn cobs, coconut coir with gypsum flour an the adition of latex adhesive. Variations in the composition of the mixture of corn cobs, coconut coir, gypsum flour with latex adhesive include sample A (0:0:100:15), sample B (3:3:94:15), sample C (6:6:88:15), sample D (9:9:82:15), sample E (12:12:76:15), and sample F (15:15:70:15) with emphasis using a hot press and drying for 28 days. The test parameters include flexural strength and fracture strength. The test results show that sample B in the composition (3:3:94:15) is the optimal result. In this composition, the resulting ceiling board has the characteristics of a flexural strength of 3966,39 kgf/cm2 and a fracture strength of 1088,6 kgf/cm2.Keyword : Lateks , Ceiling Board, Coconut Coir, Corn Cob

This test was carried out to reduce waste in coconut empty fruit bunches and to determine the characteristics and microstructure of the particle board surface. The samples used consisted of bamboo powder and oil palm empty fruit bunches with gambier adhesive and urea formaldehyde with variations including: 10%:75%:15%:11%; 20%:65%:15%:11%, 30%:55%:15%:11%, 40%:45%:10%:11%. The particleboard was printed and pressurized using a hot press of 16kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 120 oC, with a drying time of 14 days. The test parameters include: density, moisture content, thickness expansion, and microstructural analysis using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) which refers to SNI 03-2105-2006. The characterization of particleboard produced in the density test is 0.66-0.74 g/cm3, the water content value is 2.4-6.9%, the thickness expansion value is 7.2-12%. Based on the percentage value of the density of the resulting particleboard is a medium density particleboard.

It has been done making bricks with the addition of cotton.Variations in the mixture of cement, sand and cotton are sample A (30%:70% :0%), sample B (30%:69,5%:0,5%), sample C (30%:69%:1%), sample D (30%:68,5%:1,5%), Water Cement Factor of 0,5 and dry time one day. Characteristic of the tests carried out include: compressive strength and fracture strength.Analysis of the mechanical properties of the bricks produced in sample A with a compressive strength value = 28.81 kg/cm2 and fracture strength value = 23.11kg/cm2, sample B with acompressive strength value = 26.85 kg/cm2 and fracture strength value = 22.32 kg/cm2, sample C with a compressive strength value = 25.10 kg/cm2 and fracture strength value = 15.09 kg/cm2, sample D with a compressive strength of 17.14 kg/ cm2 and a fracture strength value 15.51kg/cm2. The bricks produced namely in sample B.Keywords :Bricks, Cotton, and Cement

A research has been carried out which aims to determine the subsurface structure using the geoelectric method in Panungkiran Village, Kab. Deli Serdang, Prov. North Sumatra Geoelectric data retrieval uses the Wenner configuration to determine the distribution and depth of subsurface structures in Panungkiran Village, Deli Serdang Regency. Prov. North Sumatra Data collection is 1 track with a length of 90 meters, Data processing in the study using MS office software Excel Notepad, and RES2DINV The results of the measurements consist of several types which are distinguished based on the range of resistivity values, namely in the range of 34.0-3188 2m interpreted by lithological layers topsoil (34.0-65.1 Ωm), sandstone (65.1-1252 Ωm) weathered travertine limestone (125-456 Ωm), fresh trvertine limestone (456-3188 Ωm), and resistivity >3188 Qm is interpreted as a cave at a depth of 9-12 meters.

Biobattery research has been carried out using cassava leaves (Manihot Utilissima) as a substitute for carbon in some 1.5 volt batteries. And tested the voltage with the results of sample A: 1.53 volts; B: 1.54 volts; C: 1.55 volts; and D: 1.58 volts. Then the electric current was also tested with the values obtained in sample A: 0.08 mA; B: 0.10 mA; C: 0.13 mA; and D: 0.19 mA. If the carbon mass in the biobattery gets higher, the value of the voltage and electric current test results changes with the higher in each sample. By performing the performance on the cassava leaf biobattery, it is able to turn on a 2.5 watt LED lamp with 3 batteries. Keywords: Current, cassava leaves, and voltage

Abstract. This study aims to determine the effect of optimal physical properties and microstructure on particleboard samples. The percentage variations of cocoa pod peel powder mixture, styrofoam with epoxy resin adhesive were sample A (69:0:30), sample B (68:2:30), sample C (67:3:30), and sample D (66:4:30). 6:30). The materials were compressed were a hot press and a conditioning time of 14 days. sThe most optimum particleboard sample was found in sample B with values of density, moisture content, and thickness expansion, respectively 0,80 g/cm2, 7,74%, and 9,32%, and met the standards of SNI 03-2105- 2006. The surface shape of the particle board morphology in sample B shows the composition of the material with the adhesive binding optimally so that there are very few empty spaces or cavities. Keywords: cocoa pod husk powder, styrofoam, particle board, epoxy resin.

Research has been carried out on the analysis of the physical properties of paving blocks from egg shell powder. This study aims to determine the physical properties of water absorption, density and porosity in the resulting paving blocks. The samples used were eggshell powder, cement, and sand with a ratio of 0%:40%:60%, 5%:35%:60%, 10%:30%:60%, 15%:25%:60%, 20%:20%:60%. The FAS used was 0,56 and the drying time for the paving blocks was 28 days. The results of the analysis of the physical properties of paving blocks produced at 0% variation have a water absorption value = 8,08%, density = 2,29 g/cm3 and porosity = 13,31%, at 5% variation has a water absorption value = 8,10%, density = 2,18 g/cm3 and porosity = 13,94%, the 10% variation has a water absorption value = 8,63%, density = 2,17 g/cm3 and porosity = 14,41% , the 15% variation has a water absorption value = 8,83%, density = 2,16 g/cm3 and porosity = 14,94%, the 20% variation has a water absorption value = 9,10%, density = 2 ,14 g/cm3 and porosity = 16,82%. Keywords: Paving Block, Eggshell Powder, Physical Properties.

A pulp-based ceiling board has been made. Variations in the composition of mixing cement and pulp used include: 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, and 50%: 50% and Variations in the composition of mixing cement, sand and pulp used include: 50%:20%:30%, 40%:20%:40%, 30%:20%:50% with FAS 0,4 and the printing and pressing time is 24 hours. The parameters of the test include: water absorption and density. Analysis of the ceiling board physical produced in sample A with a composition of 70%: 30% has a water absorption value = 19% and density = 1.58%, in sample B with a composition of 6%: 40% has a water absorption value = 26 , 8% and density = 1.53%, in sample C with a composition of 50%: 50% has a water absorption value = 26.05% and density = 1.45%, in sample D with a composition of 50%:20%:30% has a water absorption value = 24,3% and density = 1.67%, in sample E with a composition of 40%:20%:40% has a water absorption value = 20,9% and density = 1.45%, in sample F with a composition of 30%:20%:50% has a water absorption value = 14,8 % and density = 1.34%.

The particle board was made based on mixing durian skin and sugar cane bagasse with urea formaldehyde adhesive. The variations the composition of mixing durian skin, sugar cane bagasse with urea formaldehyde adhesive used among other: 35%:35%:30%, 30%:30%:40%, and 25%:25%:50% and printing time and pressing for 24 hours. The parameters of the testing include: Modulus of Rupture (MOR) dan Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) . Analysis of the mechanical properties of the particle board produced at the composition of 35%:35%:30% which has a value MOR = 446,17 kgf/cm 2 and MOE = 160,9 kgf/cm 2 , at the composition of 30%:30%:40%, has a value MOR = 1369,57 kgf/cm 2 dan MOE = 3903,3 kgf/cm 2 , at the composition of 25%:25%:50%, has a value MOR = 1463,07 kgf/cm 2 , dan MOE = 3342,1 kgf/cm 2 which matches SNI 03-2105-2006 criteria type 8 is not required.

Research on the effect of electric voltage on the electrocoagulation process in reducing levels of heavy metals in water. This study aims to determine the metal content Fe (Iron) and Mn (Manganese) dug well water by varying the electrical voltage of 3, 6, 9, and 12 volts. this research use dug well water which come from Teluk Piyai Pesisir Village Kubu sub-district Rokan Hilir district Riau Province. Test results on the electrocoagulation method with electrical voltage 3 volt metal content Fe 0,002 mg/l and metal content Mn

A research has been done on the mechanical bricking test with the addition of bagasse ash. In this study, the tested bricks tested were compressive and flexural strength. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding bagasse ash to the mechanical properties of the concrete brick. The percentage variation of bagasse ash, cement, and sand are 0%:30%:70%, 5%:25%:70%, 10%:20%:70%, 15%:15%:70%, 20%:10%:70% with Water Cement Ratio of 0.5 in all variations. The addition of bagasse ash as a substitute for cement significantly affected the characteristics of the concrete brick. With the addition of bagasse ash in a mixture of 5-20% causes the compressive strength to decrease. While the flexural strength has increased in the variation of the mixture of 5-10% and has decreased in the variation of the mixture of 15-20%. The most optimal composition of mixing bagasse ash, cement, and sand is at 5% mixture variation for compressive strength and flexural strength testing because it meets SNI 03-0348-1989 standards. Whereas the other mixed variations are not optimal. Keyword s : Bagasse ash, Compressive Strength, and Flexural Strength .

The kitchen is one of the places most concerned by every community because the biggest fire potential in the house lies in the kitchen, the source of fire that often causes fires in the kitchen is a stove and gas. Therefore we need a design of a kitchen security system based on the ATmega32 microcontroller using flame sensors, MQ-2 and MQ-6. This study aims to produce a performance tool that will detect any movement of fire, gas, and smoke using an Early Warning System. The warning in the form of an alarm sounds, the fan turns, and the door opens automatically. Sensor detection is designed with 4 conditions namely Normal, Caution, Alert and Danger. The results of testing using the Flame sensor found a wave range from 22 nm to 1022 nm from normal to hazardous conditions, the MQ-2 found the results of testing from the ADC (Analog Digital Converter) with concentrations from 0 ppm to 130 ppm from normal to hazardous conditions, and the MQ-6 test results were obtained from the ADC (Analog Digital Converter) with concentrations from 0 ppm to 520 ppm from normal to dangerous conditions. Keyword s : Kitchen, ATmega32, Flame sensor, MQ-2, and MQ-6.

A research has been conducted on the comparison of the value of burnt shrinkage and porosity of bricks by adding a mixture of coconut husk ash and rice husk ash. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of variations in the addition of coconut husk ash and rice husk to the value of burnt shrinkage and porosity of bricks. Porosity testing was carried out due to the addition of a mixture of coir ash and rice husk to produce porous bricks. Variations in the percentage of clay with a mixture (coconut husk ash and rice husk ash) include 100%:0%, 95%:5%, 90%:10%, 85%:15% and 80%:20%. The results obtained for the value of burnt shrinkage from the addition of rice husk ash in brick making results are smaller than the addition of coconut coir ash. The results of the shrinkage value of the addition of coconut coir ash and rice husk already meet the SNI 15-2094-2000 standards that is 20%. With large porosity values exceeding SNI 15-2094-2000 standards, the suggested bricks are used as an inner wall and cannot be used as a face wall. Keyword s : burn t shrinkage, coconut husk ash, porosity , and rice husk ash .