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Liquid hydrogen storage is an important way of hydrogen storage and transportation, which greatly improves the storage and transportation efficiency due to the high energy density but at the same time brings new safety hazards. In this study, the liquid hydrogen leakage in the storage area of a hydrogen production station is numerically simulated. The effects of ambient wind direction, wind speed, leakage mass flow rate, and the mass fraction of gas phase at the leakage port on the diffusion behavior of the liquid hydrogen leakage were investigated. The results show that the ambient wind direction directly determines the direction of liquid hydrogen leakage diffusion. The wind speed significantly affects the diffusion distance. When the wind speed is 6 m/s, the diffusion distance of the flammable hydrogen cloud reaches 40.08 m, which is 2.63 times that under windless conditions. The liquid hydrogen leakage mass flow rate and the mass fraction of the gas phase have a greater effect on the volume of the flammable hydrogen cloud. As the leakage mass flow rate increased from 5.15 kg/s to 10 kg/s, the flammable hydrogen cloud volume increased from 5734.31 m3 to 10,305.5 m3. The installation of a barrier wall in front of the leakage port can limit the horizontal diffusion of the flammable hydrogen cloud, elevate the diffusion height, and effectively reduce the volume of the flammable hydrogen cloud. This study can provide theoretical support for the construction and operation of hydrogen production stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of hydrogen energy worldwide, the number of hydrogen energy facilities, such as hydrogen refueling stations, has grown rapidly in recent years. However, hydrogen is prone to leakage accidents during use, which could lead to hazards such as fires and explosions. Therefore, research on the safety of hydrogen energy facilities is crucial. In this paper, a study of high-pressure hydrogen jet flame accidents is conducted for a proposed integrated hydrogen production and refueling station in China. The effects of leakage direction and leakage port diameter on the jet flame characteristics are analyzed, and a risk assessment of the flame accident is conducted. The results showed that the death range perpendicular to the flame direction increased from 2.23 m to 5.5 m when the diameter of the leakage port increased from 4 mm to 10 mm. When the diameter of the leakage port is larger than 8 mm, the equipment on the scene will be within the boundaries of the damage. The consequences of fire can be effectively mitigated by a reasonable firewall setup to ensure the overall safety of the integrated station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]