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The purpose of this text is to provide the reader some elements for reflection on the concepts of ethics and morality, having a common thread between them: ethics deals with the "self" as it relates to good and fair action; morality operates through concern for the other, since our acts follow socially established norms and rules. The article is divided into two parts. In the first, the meaning of the term ethics will be problematized, giving greater emphasis to the past idea, especially in Aristotle. In the second, that of morality, with a focus on Kant. In the final considerations we will make a confrontation between the two concepts. Whether it is ethical or moral, something is certain: we do not pass unhindered by them; in one or the other, its aim is to soften human relations, making them more cordial and socially just. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to analyze the evolutionary metaethical discussion that revolves around the evolutionist thesis about the origin of evaluative judgments and the possibility of there being objective moral values. Sharon Street (2006) presented what became known as the Darwinian dilemma for moral realism. Moral realists, represented by David Copp, did not take long to reply. I will resume this debate and offer an alternative to the dilemma and the problems brought up by both philosophers through procedural constructivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cognitive scientific approach to religion reveals the moral role of religion in human evolutionary history and provides insight into the continuing influence of religion in human affairs. While morality can be understood and justified apart from any religious foundation, religion cannot be separated from its moral function. After setting out the evolved cognitive bases of religious beliefs and behaviors, a model for the nexus between religion and morality is developed. From this it follows that religions constitute moral worldviews that emerge from and tap into deep moral and emotional instincts. This makes religion, and moral worldviews more generally, profoundly important, but also makes them dangerously problematic. A case study of the intersection of religion, race, and politics in contemporary American presidential politics will be used to explicate these ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines three different "images" of the social contract. The first image concerns the reasons for our accepting the existence of some form of political authority which has the power and the legitimacy to create laws and impose sanctions upon its citizens. The second image of the contract concerns reasons for our accepting the requirements of morality and the acquisition of a sense of justice. The third image concerns the reasons for the establishment of limits for the interference of state power in our lives. These limits are characterized in terms of human rights. The third image of the social contract elucidates in which sense human rights are universal rights, but it denies that there are any innate or natural rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this text is to analyze the debate between Berkeley's Alciphron and Mandeville's The fable of the bees and Letter to Dion, focusing on the questions indirectly raised by Berkeley to his opponent: Would there be a place for religion in Mandeville's society or in his social, political and economic system? If so, what role would it play? Without religion, on what foundations would morality in social life be based? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]