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Female infertility affects millions of couples worldwide and is estimated to account for one-third of all cases of infertility. The purpose of this article is to review the uses of both off-label treatments and those approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for female infertility, by examining the mechanism of action, the side-effect profile, fetal anomaly risks, and contraindications for the various drugs., (Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate associations between serum bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations and follicular response to exogenous ovary stimulation., Design: Fasting serum was prospectively collected on the day of oocyte retrieval and assessed for unconjugated BPA using high-performance liquid chromatography with Coularray detection. Multivariable linear regression and negative binomial regression were used to assess associations between concentrations of BPA and outcome measures. Models were adjusted for race/ethnicity, antral follicle count at baseline, and cigarette smoking., Setting: A reproductive health center., Patient(s): Forty-four women undergoing IVF., Intervention(s): None., Main Outcome Measure(s): Peak E(2) level and the number of oocytes retrieved during IVF., Result(s): The median unconjugated serum BPA concentration is 2.53 ng/mL (range = 0.3-67.36 ng/mL). Bisphenol A is inversely associated with E(2) (β = -0.16; 95% confidence interval = -0.32, 0.01), as well as with E(2) normalized to the number of mature-sized follicles at the hCG trigger (β = -0.14; 95% confidence interval = -0.24, -0.03). No association is observed for BPA and the number of oocytes retrieved (adjusted risk ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval = 0.82, 1.10)., Conclusion(s): Bisphenol A is associated with a reduced E(2) response during IVF. Although limited by the preliminary nature of this study, these results merit confirmation in a future comprehensive investigation., (Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)