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With the rapid development of industry and transportation in China, the incidence rate of open fracture caused by high energy injuries such as traffic accidents and falling height is increasing year by year. Based on the above background, the purpose of this paper is to study the application of ZnO nano materials with different dimensions in the rehabilitation of patients with limb fracture injury. In order to further solve the problem of limb fracture rehabilitation, zinc oxide nanomaterials are applied to fracture rehabilitation in this paper. The application of zinc oxide nanomaterials in fracture rehabilitation is realized by its strong antibacterial, high-efficiency stability and rich and colorful structure. In this paper, we propose to use the unique physical and chemical properties of ZnO nanomaterials to prepare artificial bone, bone cement, external fixation with good osteogenic performance and antibacterial performance, and carry antibiotics for the treatment of open fracture infection and bone defect. During the experiment, compared with other materials, the infection rate of external fixation was only 63%, and the inflammation index of artificial bone was only 2 mg/dl, which was far less than other materials. Moreover, using the excellent plasticity of ZnO nanomaterials, the oriented ZnO nanotube films were prepared, and the effect of inhibiting scar formation was confirmed through experimental research. In this paper, the unique physical, chemical and biological characteristics of zinc oxide nanomaterials were used to creatively introduce them into the treatment of infectious bone defect and injury rehabilitation caused by limb fracture. Through a series of in vitro and animal in vivo experiments, it was proved that zinc oxide nanomaterials can be used as ideal materials for the treatment of infectious bone defect, which provides new zinc oxide nanomaterials to solve clinical problems A new way of thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]