1. Pathogens, microbiome and the host: emergence of the ecological Koch's postulates
- Author
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Mark C. Anderson, Philippe J. Sansonetti, Pascale Vonaesch, Pathogénie microbienne moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Collège de France - Chaire Microbiologie et Maladies infectieuses, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Work in PJS's group is supported by European Research Council (ERC) Grant No. 339579 (DECRYPT) ., We would like to thank Pamela Schnupf, Kelsey Huus and Florent Mazel for fruitful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. PV was supported by an Early.PostdocMobility Fellowship form the Swiss National Science Foundation, a Roux-Cantarini Postdoctoral Fellowship as well as a L'Oréal-UNESCO for Women in Science France Fellowship. PJS is an HHMI Senior Foreign Scholar and CIFAR scholar in the human microbiome consortium, European Project: 339579,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-ADG,DECRYPT(2014), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chaire Microbiologie et Maladies infectieuses, Vonaesch, Pascale, and Decrypting signals in the crypt. - DECRYPT - - EC:FP7:ERC2014-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 339579 - VALID
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0301 basic medicine ,Ecology (disciplines) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Koch's postulates ,medicine ,microbiota ,Humans ,Microbiome ,[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Ecosystem ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Ecology ,Host (biology) ,medicine.disease ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Intestinal homeostasis ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,host ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,symbols ,Dysbiosis ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,pathogen - Abstract
International audience; Even though tremendous progress has been made in the last decades to elucidate the mechanisms of intestinal homeostasis, dysbiosis and disease, we are only at the beginning of understanding the complexity of the gut ecosystem and the underlying interaction networks. We are also only starting to unravel the mechanisms that pathogens have evolved to overcome the barriers imposed by the microbiota and host to exploit the system to their own benefit. Recent work in these domains clearly indicates that the 'traditional Koch's postulates', which state that a given pathogen leads to a distinct disease, are not valid for all 'infectious' diseases, but that a more complete and complex interpretation of Koch's postulates is needed in order to understand and explain them. This review summarises the current understanding of what defines a healthy gut ecosystem and highlights recent progress in uncovering the interplay between the host, its microbiota and invading intestinal pathogens. Based on these recent findings, we propose a new interpretation of Koch's postulates that we term 'ecological Koch's postulates'.
- Published
- 2017
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