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The feed utilization rate of straw resources in China is low, because of the low crude protein content and high lignocellulose content of straw, which hinder the degradation of nutrients of straw by rumen microorganisms, so direct feeding cannot meet the nutritional needs of beef cattle. According to the content of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber in different harvest periods of straw in different regions, the optimal combination technology can effectively improve the palatability and nutrient structure of straw, and increase the utilization rate of straw feed, which is of great significance to solve the shortage of high-quality roughage and feed utilization of straw resources in China. This paper introduced the effects of optimized combination technology on gas content, microbial protein, fermentation parameters, and nutrient level of straw in vitro fermentation, and expounded the principle of optimized combination technology and its effects on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, microflora, and breeding efficiency of beef cattle, in order to improve the rational utilization of straw resources for feed. It provides reference for the development and utilization of straw optimization combination technology in beef cattle production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guanidinoacetic acid is an amino acid feed additive and the sole precursor for the synthesis of creatine in animal body. Creatine is one of the components for synthesizing phosphocreatine, providing indirect energy supplementation. Betaine serves as an excellent methyl donor, contributing to the regulation of cell osmotic pressure, alleviation of stress responses, enhancement of animal growth performance, improvement of meat quality, and reduction of lipid deposition. Therefore, guanidinoacetic acid and betaine play positive roles in the growth of animal bodies. The article elucidates the physiological functions, synergistic effects, and the impact of their separate and combined use on the production performance of ruminants. The aim is to provide references for their practical application in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginkgo biloba is the only surviving species of Ginkgo biloba, the value is gradually recognized by the academic community. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain a large number of active ingredients, which are mainly used to make Ginkgo biloba extracts. However, due to the extraction process and other related technologies are not mature, resulted in a large amount of Ginkgo biloba leaves waste. In the paper, the nutritional value of Ginkgo biloba leaves and its application in animal production were reviewed to provide reference for the resource utilization of Ginkgo biloba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]